Benefits Of Single Sex Schools - 1004 Words

Holleman Gracie Mrs. Castleberry English III February 9, 2015 Benefits of Same-Gender Education There are many benefits of Single-Sex Schools, primarily there is a change in student development. Scientists have many theories to this concern. (â€Å"Howell†). For generations, educators have explored ways for students to evolve with personal and educational development. Each individual student has an unlike mechanism for that particular learner. Arranging students in separate classrooms will benefit not only their education, but their personal growth as well (â€Å"15 Fascinating†). Single Sex Education has been around since the 1960’s. Jacksonville, Mississippi was one of the first schools in the United States to have separate gender†¦show more content†¦Dr. Sax came to the conclusion that girls can learn better in temperatures of 75 degrees. They are fragile to changes in color and texture and prefer softer spoken voices than roaring voices. Females are not so bright in mathematics as boys are, girls tend to struggle more with numerical concepts (Howell). Dr. Leonard also discusses how single sex education helps males academically but not with behavior issues. When a boy sits for a period of time they begin to feel restless so they should be able to sit, lie on the floor or stand, whatever makes learning interesting for them the educator will see fit that their is no disruption for each individual being educated. (â€Å"Fascinating Facts†). In public schools there tend to be lower self esteem, the graduation rate is low, test scores are embarrassing (Howell). There aren t many programs in the students schedules that teach about life skills that students need to know, different cultures and common knowledge needed in the adult world . Public schools also struggle with behavior problems and students with disabilities such as a learning, or physical don’t have a strong chance at learning conventional skills that systematic students have (Howell) (â€Å"Fascinating facts†). Single Sex Education has so many benefits for students such as; higher self esteem, higher grades, social skills, time management, cleanliness, critical thinking, public speaking, writing, math etc. Students need these things that society

Overpopulation And Resource Conflict And Allocation

New Zealand UNEP Topics: Overpopulation and Resource Conflict and Allocation Country Introduction: Located in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand consists of two central islands, the North and South Islands, parted by the Cook Strait, which is divided into provinces, each with a certain amount of autonomy. The official languages of the nation include Maori, English, and New Zealand Sign Language. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, which comprises of the Queen and the House of Representatives, with a population consisting of approximately 4.5 million people, predominantly Christian. Its defense forces comprise of three divisions; the Royal New Zealand Navy, the New Zealand Army, and the Royal†¦show more content†¦Developing nations especially face problems of overpopulation because of their tendency to have more children to work and support the families. Many of the most overpopulated nations are located in the Middle East, as well as in nations of Europe. II. Past UN Actions: In order to address the issue of overpopulation, the United Nations established the UN Population Fund in 1973 to become the initial manager in promoting population programmes. The UNFPA primarily focuses on educating individuals, as well as governments, on healthcare and family services in order to provide the information they need to ensure safe and planned pregnancies for families. This corporation also advocates for gender equality and youth empowerment in conjunction with communities, academic institutions, and numerous organizations to promote the implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action. In addition, the UN Population Division and the UN Statistics Division bring together information on prevalent issues, such as migration and development, marriage and fertility figures, and expansion around the world. 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Combined with growing economic interdependence, due to the need for foreign resources needed for the sustainable growth and expansion of consumer-based manufacturing markets in the developed world-beginning post World War Two, the United States and impactful developing states sought to create regional zones of economic integrationRead MoreWasteful Govt Spending on Education in 3rd Worlds2785 Words   |  12 Pageshopeless despair, especially looking at the TWN. As indicated by Gorostiaga (2000); a worldwide economic recession continues, and the near outlook for the future looks much less than promising. TWN are often in political disintegration and in armed conflicts, they produce huge amounts of refugees and displaced people. Furthermore, violations of human rights and famine have continued for decades or at least since the last colonial powers pulled out of a country and left them to themselves without ever

HeroesA Definitive Essay Essay Research Paper Do free essay sample

Heroes-A Definitive Essay Essay, Research Paper Make you measure up? In today s modern times we hear the word hero all of the clip. The intelligence media throws the term about as if it is an mundane word. What precisely is a hero? Who, or what, can be classified as a heroic? The right definition of the word hero is: One invested with epic qualities in the sentiments of others. That is a all right definition for books and rational heads. To the mean individual, nevertheless, a hero is much more. To better understand what a epic quality is it may be easier to depict what a hero is non. About mundane on telecasting people talk of jocks and famous persons as being heroes, but are they? To set it mildly, they are non heroes at all. Possibly function theoretical accounts, but for the most portion, non in ownership of heroic qualities. We will write a custom essay sample on HeroesA Definitive Essay Essay Research Paper Do or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Michael Jordan and Bruce Willis, by put on the lining their lives, save an abandoned kid from a typhoon they will possess the qualities to be called heroes in my sentiment. Policemans and firemen are at times classified as heroes. Until they prove themselves they are merely ordinary people. The rubric heroic is non given by business, instead by accomplishment. So what precisely is a hero? Parents are true heroes. Most parental units forfeit clip, money, love and everything else for their kids. When times are tough good parents do all they can to do things better for their kids. Mothers and male parents frequently work two occupations, tardily at dark, or on weekends to supply for their childs. My ma is ever there for me when I am ill, stating me she wishes she were the ill 1. She besides reassures me that she ever has an excess kidney if I happen to necessitate one. I personally view my parents as true heroes for all they do, hold done, and will make. A local hero emerged late in Flint Police Officer Leslie Keely. Plainly put, Officer Keely gave his life, for us, the occupants of Genesee County. Les Keely died while in the line of responsibility. Involved in a high-velocity chase of a vehicle, Keely was killed when his patrol car was struck broadside by another constabulary auto, driven by a Michigan State Trooper. At that point in clip, Officer Keely became an blink of an eye hero . He lost the most of import thing in the universe, his life, making what he was paid to make, function and protect the populace. In the most tragic manner possible a hero was borne out of decease and calamity, in Officer Leslie Keely. Another local hero late was borne out of tragic events. This peculiar adult male was killed seeking to be a Good Samaritan. Hearing a traffic accident on the freeway outside his abode he went to assist the victims. While helping the people involved in the accident the adult male was struck by a passing auto and killed. A Good Samaritan, a adult male merely assisting fellow worlds, killed while imparting a manus. That is genuinely epic. Did he hold to go forth his house to assist? Would it hold been different if he stayed indoors, and waited for the constabulary? Undoubtedly so, but this adult male decided to see if he could offer aid, and he lost his life. That adult male is a hero to the fullest extent of the word. A hero can come in all forms, sizes, genders, and racial backgrounds. Heros walk among us everyday normally unmindful to our knowing because heroes, for the most portion are highly low. They do non walk around with hero here emblazoned on their apparels. Most, in fact, deny that he or she has even been heroic ; oftentimes stating they did what they thought was the right thing to make. Every individual individual that we classify as a hero is because they did what they thought was right, or what was expected of them. Every American soldier killed in combat combat for freedom and autonomy. All of the constabulary officers and firemans that save lives, belongings or who are killed in the line of responsibility. Peoples who donate variety meats to salvage lives, the adult male killed on the freeway donated his bosom, liver and kidneys. Teachers and pupils killed in school shots. Good Samaritans that perish while assisting others or who risk their lives to salvage other lives. They are tr ue heroes. Everyday people that become heroes for what they have done. Peoples have their ain thoughts of who can be called a hero. Whoever those people classified as heroes may be, the term hero should non be used lightly. It must be reserved for merely those who genuinely deserve. Not function theoretical accounts, but the people we call heroes.

Wellness plan Essay Example For Students

Wellness plan Essay Quiz 2 I would recommend a lot of changes for this patient, including exercise, change of diet, and cessation of his smoking habit, to name a few. This patient should use a lumbar support pillow in his chair at work, as well as a foot support, to alleviate strain on his lower back form sitting all day. I would recommend that he quit smoking and change his diet to one containing less fatty foods, and much less cholesterol. The pain he feels in his neck could be partially attributed to high cholesterol. A baseline cholesterol reading should be taken and a diet recommended according to how high the level is, and how quickly it should be reduced. We will write a custom essay on Wellness plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The cholesterol reading can be taken at the same time he is administered a full physical. The patient should then be instructed to have a full physical done yearly, or at least every other year, since problems can and will develop faster the more he ages. Cessation of smoking will also help to lower the patients LDL reading. A reduced calorie and reduced fat diet should help to burn off some of the extra pounds that the patient is carrying around. It might also be recommended that he cut out the nightly beer in order to reduce those added empty calories from his diet as well. Drinking does not have to be completely cut out of his diet, however, since there have been studies showing drinking in moderation can be good for your health. He should change the beer to wine, which typically tends to be healthier, and people are more apt to sip wine, as they are to guzzle beer, so less will probably be drank with that subtle change. The whiskey should probably be cut out all together, and the total reduction in alcohol consumption will help to reduce alcohol related heart and liver trouble, as well as calorie intake. It may be suggested that the patient not necessarily cut out the TV watching, but rather tow an exercise machine of some sort in front of the TV and fulfill his exercise quota in the time that he would normally be idle on the couch. This would make good use of his idle time, also cutting out the possibility of the patient using lack of time to exercise for an excuse. If the patients cholesterol was found to be high in the baseline draw of blood. It would be wise to take a LDL level every month, until the level begins to fall and then every several months until it is within normal range. It would then be advisable to take a LDL level with each physical. Further suggestions for change of lifestyle, and/or diet should be made if the LDL level is not falling at the rate you expect, or not falling at all. Bibliography: n/a .

Semantic Field Definition and Examples

Semantic Field Definition and Examples A semantic field is a set of words (or lexemes) related in meaning. The phrase is also known as a word field, lexical field, field of meaning, and semantic system. Linguist Adrienne Lehrer has defined semantic field more specifically as a set of lexemes which cover a certain conceptual domain and which bear certain specifiable relations to one another (1985). Examples and Observations The subject matter often unites a semantic field. The words in a semantic field share a common semantic property. Most often, fields are defined by subject matter, such as body parts, landforms, diseases, colors, foods, or kinship relations.... Lets consider some examples of semantic fields....The field of stages of life is arranged sequentially, though there is considerable overlap between terms (e.g., child, toddler) as well as some apparent gaps (e.g., there are no simple terms for the different stages of adulthood). Note that a term such as minor or juvenile belongs to a technical register, a term such as kid or tot to a colloquial register, and a term such as sexagenarian or octogenarian to a more formal register. The semantic field of water could be divided into a number of subfields; in addition, there would appear to be a great deal of overlap between terms such as sound/fjord or cove/harbor/bay. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Metaphors and Semantic Fields Semantic fields are also sometimes called fields of meaning: Cultural attitudes to particular areas of human activity can often be seen in the choices of metaphor used when that activity is discussed. A useful linguistic concept to be aware of here is that of semantic field, sometimes called just field, or field of meaning.... The semantic field of war and battle is one that sports writers often draw on. Sport, particularly football, in our culture is also associated with conflict and violence. (Ronald Carter, Working With Texts: A Core Introduction to Language Analysis. Routledge, 2001) More and Less Marked Members of a Semantic Field Color terms also help illustrate how words are grouped into a semantic field. In a semantic field, not all lexical items necessarily have the same status. Consider the following sets, which together form the semantic field of color terms (of course, there are other terms in the same field): Blue, red, yellow, green, black, purpleIndigo, saffron, royal blue, aquamarine, bisque The colors referred to by the words of set 1 are more usual than those described in set 2. They are said to be less marked members of the semantic field than those of set 2. The less marked members of a semantic field are usually easier to learn and remember than more marked members. Children learn the term blue before they learn the terms indigo,, royal blue, or aquamarine. Often, a less marked word consists of only one morpheme, in contrast to more marked words (contrast blue with royal blue or aquamarine). The less marked member of a semantic field cannot be described by using the name of another member of the same field, whereas more marked members can be thus described (indigo is a kind of blue, but blue is not a kind of indigo). Less marked terms also tend to be used more frequently than more marked terms; for example, blue occurs considerably more frequently in conversation and writing than indigo or aquamarine....Less marked terms are also often broader in meaning than more marked terms.... Finally, less marked words are not the result of the metaphorical usage of the name of another object or concept, whereas more marked words often are; for example, saffron is the color of a spice that lent its name to the color. (Edward Finegan. Language: Its Structure and Use, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008)

Why Setting Your Story Matters

Why Setting Your Story Matters Why Setting Your Story Matters Imogen Clark lives in Yorkshire, England with her husband and children.  She also writes books for young teenage girls under the pen name Lucinda Fox. In this article, Imogen talks about how establishing a real sense of setting in her novel improved her story, and even benefitted her marketing strategy.Picture the scene: You've read a great book that you want to share with your friend but your memory is letting you down on the details.â€Å"What's the title?† they ask. Blank. â€Å"Who wrote it?† Nothing. â€Å"Well, where's it set?†And, of course, you remember this because the setting of a book stays with you long after the metadata has faded. This is because it's the setting that takes a reader deep into the world of a novel, creating those vital visual images that allow them to travel with the protagonist. Whether a story is set in the heart of the Amazon jungle, a post-apocalyptic landscape, or on one street in London, the way that setting is described can make all the difference to a reader's experience. "It's the setting that takes a reader deep into the world of a novel." @imogenclark IlkleyBut this is not the side of the town that I wanted to portray in my book. In the novel, my protagonist, Cara, is trapped in Ilkley, forced to care for her terminally ill father whilst her elder brother escapes to London. The twee parts of the town - the areas that attract the tourists - mean nothing to her. Instead, she (and therefore the reader), focus on the darkly ominous moor that rises up like a shadow behind her house. The Ilkley of the book is a dank place where the sky remains resolutely grey.Of course, back in the real world, the sun does occasionally shine in Yorkshire, and I had pangs of guilt at drawing such a bleak picture of my hometown. But I had to remember that I had to see it through Cara's eyes, and not my own. "Authors need to depict a place through their character's eyes, not their own."  @imogenclark I can safely say that as a result of my developmental editor's advice to better establish a better sense of place, my book has immeasurably improved. It sits solidly in its setting and truly belongs there. Giving my book a home has also helped me with the writing and hopefully gives my readers a more satisfactory experience too. If they were to describe my book to their friends they might say, â€Å"Oh, you know. The one that’s set in Ilkley.†Please  share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Imogen Clark, in the comments below!Postcards From a Stranger is available in paperback  and on Amazon Kindle.

Women must demonstrate male characteristics in order to succeed as Essay

Women must demonstrate male characteristics in order to succeed as leaders and must cast aside feminine qualities - Essay Example Women must demonstrate male characteristics in order to succeed as leaders and must cast aside feminine qualities Not all researchers or organisational practitioners support the ideology of domination and assertive behaviour as being vital to gaining followership, with some offering that effective leadership consists of such behaviours as compassion, nurturing and helpfulness. At the sociological level, again based on long-standing cultural distinctions between typical male and female behaviours, such leadership traits are largely associated with the feminine personality. In order to fully understand whether women can maintain their innate, feminine attitudes and personality traits, it is necessary to examine the conceptions of what constitutes successful leadership. This essay examines the distinctions made by many in society and within the organisation of what comprises typical male versus female behaviours and how these traits translate into positive leadership capability. Based on the research findings, this work will illustrate that in order to gain followership as a leader, women must aban don their feminine qualities and utilise male-oriented strategies even if such philosophies conflict with inherent personality factors. One can first make the argument that there are distinct biologically-driven differences between the male and female that determine social conceptions of gender. Campbell (1989) offers research describing the differences between male and female brain structure in which the female maintains distinct hemispherical structures known to be related with superior verbal and linguistic skills. Male brain biology, in opposite accord, is structured in a fashion known to support aggression and assertiveness (Gorman 1995). Science supports that women are more likely to be passive, inherently, than their male counterparts based strictly on the genetic differences between the sexes. Science would seem to support the notion that women must make radical adjustments to their innate personality traits if they wish to adopt male-oriented characteristics in the role of organisational leadership. However, there is much more to the debate when attempting to explain the difference between sex and gender. Ac cording to Oakley (1972) gender is a socially-constructed concept deeply engrained in time-honoured cultural values and principles. Gender is â€Å"constructed through situational and institutional processes† and such beliefs can be regularly subject to change and variable among international cultures (Oakley 1972, p.41). In most Western cultures, as one relevant example, distinctions between men and women are made under social identity theory, a psychological model which iterates that one builds their own self-concept based on membership within a relevant social group (Hogg 2001; Turner and Oakes 1986). If the dominant group prototype suggests that the female gender should maintain such characteristics as submission, empathy or nurturing behaviours, compliance with the social ideology of male versus female attitude and personality becomes a sociological consideration and is

Analysis of the Pepsis and Bacardi Limons Advertisement Essay

Analysis of the Pepsis and Bacardi Limons Advertisement - Essay Example This "Analysis of the Pepsi’s and Bacardi Limon’s Advertisement" essay outlines differences between two drinks' ads. The first advertisement carefully projects the image of Pepsi as a fun drink that all members and all age groups enjoy. The men hold Pepsi bottles, as also the girls. The pepsi bottles in the picnic box further heighten the impression that it’s a drink meant for outings and is even better than beer. Another significant detail is the Pepsi icon in the shape of a ball, where the text states: â€Å"it’s the cola†, further reinforced by the football nearby on the picnic table, which further heightens the impression that this is a drink associated with fun and games. The heart shaped carving on the tree with â€Å"Pepsi and BBQ† engraved within it is a useful little detail that implies Pepsi is made for such outdoor occasions. The second advertisement is set in a bar/disco/party setting, which conveys an impression that the drink be longs in a more adult, sensual setting. The words in the advertisement convey the mood: â€Å"Mischievous, mixable, magical†. This is substantiated by the image of the sexy woman reflected in the glass of the man who holds it, implying that it’s the drink that has brought her into the palm of his hand – a magical experience. The use of mirrors, the shiny clean bar, the sparkling crystal bottles and glasses, all contribute to the impression of a magical kind of dating environment, where the drink appears to be the prop that aids the man in capturing the woman he desires.

Rogers Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Rogers Chocolate Essay Introduction R gers’s Chocolates is Canada’s oldest chocolates company that was formed in 1885 in Victoria, British Columbia by Charles Rogers. The company specialized in producing different varieties of ward winning hand-wrapped, high-quality chocolate brands as well as premium novelty ice cream which it sold through its retail outlets, sales through wholesale delivery, online/phone sales, and through Sam’s Deli restaurant in British Columbia. The goal of the organization is â€Å"to double or triple the size of the company within 10 years† (Zietsma, 2007) Rogers’ target market is both end users and consumers who buy chocolates to indulge themselves or to give as a gift. Rogers’ target buyers are new and existing chocolate buyers that love quality chocolates. Demographics tend to be mainly women ages 25-55 years old with middle to high household income of $50,000 upward. They generally have college education and are professionals, white-collar workers, managers, or owners. The majority will be frequent travelers on cruise ships and Internet users. In order to develop a successful growth plan for the Rogers’ Chocolates, it is very important to get an integrated understanding of the external and internal environment effecting the chocolate industry in whole and Rogers’ Chocolate in particular. An organization’s external environment represents the opportunities and threats while focusing three major areas that include general, industry and competitor environment. The firms understanding of the external environment is matched with its knowledge about the internal environment (resources, capabilities, core competencies, organization, management etc.) in order to develop a strategic growth plan that will bring competitive advantage and above-average returns. External Analysis P. E. S. T Analysis: Political/Legal: * Legal issues regarding child labour in cocoa farms. * African countries are more affected by child labour. * Large manufacturers are seeking a redefinition of the term â€Å"chocolate† under USFDA guidelines so that they can produce cheaper version of the product and still call it chocolate. Economic: * Falling growth rate in the chocolate industry due to economical factors. * Due to seasonal vulnerability of the product, it is hard to manage inventory resulting in higher costs for wasted material. * Higher cleaning and maintenance costs for the equipment for large producers. * Sociocultural: * Increasing trend towards healthier diet, organic food, low-trans fat and no-sugar chocolate. * More demand for dark chocolate due to its heart-healthier anti-oxidant properties. * Consumers and employees stressing on more corporate social responsibility. * Human rights concerns on forced labour in West Africa. * Environmental concerns influencing packaging, procurement and operational decisions. Technology: * Less focus of private and government supported RD expenditures. * Farmers are less efficient in growing cocoa beans because of lack of proper knowledge, education and training. Industry Analysis: Even though there had been a gradual decline in the growth of chocolate industry as a whole, there is still opportunity in the premium chocolate sector of this industry, which is growing at 20% annually. The Canadian market size for chocolates was US$167 million in 2006 and it was projected to grow at 2% annually. The change in demographics with aging baby boomers and their emphasis on brand and quality has given an opportunity to traditional chocolate manufacturers like Hershey’s and Cadburys to shift their focus on the production of premium quality chocolates. Rogers’ Company is faced with many factors that are directly influencing the company, its competitive actions and competitive responses in the overall industry. The Five Forces of Competition Model: Michael Porter’s five forces of competition is an analytical tool that can be for Rogers’ Chocolate to measure the intensity of the industry competition and an industry’s profit potential. Threat of New Entrants: Hershey’s and Cadburys are moving towards the premium chocolate market through the acquisition or upmarket launches (Zietsma, 2007). The profit potential present in this sector supported by its 20% annual growth rate make it very attractive for large organizations to come forward and avail this opportunity. There is a low threat of new entrants prevailing in this chocolate industry because of the high capital requirements and expected retaliation by current manufacturers. Current players in the industry also possess some barriers to entry for new entrants by maintaining economies of scales with their large production capacity and keeping their product differentiation with their specialized and novelty chocolate products. Even though there are low switching costs and easy access to distribution channels, but still the brand loyalty of the customers including the Rogers’ Chocolate itself make it harder for new firms to come into the competition. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: There is a high bargaining power of suppliers because of the need of the key ingredients required for chocolate manufacturing and limited number of suppliers for this industry. Since cocoa trees require tropical climate, it forces the main producers in the west to import them from countries in West Africa or other hot places where suppliers are dominated by few large companies The chocolate and cocoa industry relies on suppliers to deliver high quality products that meet food regulations and consumer taste tests. If the suppliers’ product is not available or does not meet the quality expected, the industry will suffer greatly. This dependency on the suppliers’ product and the absence of substitute products increases the suppliers’ bargaining power. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Even though there are no substitute products for the manufacturing of chocolate, the buyer groups are still powerful because they purchase a large portion of the industry’s total output. Since there are many wholesale buyers of cocoa beans for the manufacturing and selling of the chocolate, it increases the bargaining power of the buyers that forces suppliers to lower their prices or increase their product quality. Another condition that affects the power of buyers is product differentiation. If the product is undifferentiated, the buyer has the power to play competitors against each other and reduce the cost. The chocolate and cocoa industry has a differentiated product, which reduces the power of buyers. The industry has several large players that have brand identification and customer loyalty, which makes it hard for buyers not to use a particular supplier. Threat of Substitute Products: Majority of the chocolate sales occur during the Christmas season and people buy chocolates to give as Christmas gifts or during the Valentine’s Day or Halloween. Other types of gifts during these occasions are considered as substitute products that may include flowers, jewellery, stuffed toys etc. Many people consider chocolate as unhealthy while some people can use other flavours such as lemon, vanilla, peanut butter or mint instead of chocolate that brings a low to moderate threat of substitute products to replace chocolate. Intensity of Rivalry Among Competitors: The presence of a many and equally balanced chocolate producers increases the rivalry among the competitors by permitting vigorous actions and responses by the competitors. With the slow industry growth, chocolate industry for instance, markets become more intense as companies battle to increase their market shares by attracting competitors customers. It results in more price wars, marketing and advertising battles between the competitors. Another factor that intensifies the competition and rivalry among competitors is the high storage and fixed costs that pushes chocolate producers to maximize their production capacity. In order to sell this excess capacity, organizations give purchase rebates and other special discounts to customers that increases the competition. Standardization and differentiation along with low switching costs in chocolate industry also fuels competition. Competitor Analysis: Competition in the chocolate industry in Canada is led by some regional brands along with a few larger producers. Major players in the market include Godiva (Nestle), Bernard Callebaut, Lindt, Purdy and a few local premium chocolate companies like Laura Secord and Rocky Mountain Chocolate Company. There are many factors influencing the competition in this industry that include variations in the price points and quality of different premium chocolate product lines. Each individual company has its own unique technique to boost itself from its competitors. Many companies have their own fancy packaging styles for their products’ delivery that target different customers helping them in getting above average returns. Widespread distribution of products and attractive presentation and displays are some other effective tools that are adapted by many companies in this business offering them good returns on their investment. A company with good and intense marketing and advertising along with widespread geographical location gains more market share compared to the one that is limited to a certain area. Some companies have focused more on their mall outlets while some have taken spots in different tourist attractions. For some companies, retail sales are more promising than wholesale strategy, which shows that selling strategy plays an important part in the success of a company. Even though all forces stated above hastens competition among these chocolate companies, product quality surface to have least impact on extent of competition (Zietsma, 2007). Attractiveness and profitability of chocolate products is determined by how the product is moulded, coloured, and packed (Ellis, M.et al, 2007). Key Success Factor Analysis: Numerous factors that can add up to the successes of Rogers’ Chocolate are as follows: Understanding and Satisfying Consumer Needs Part of the external analysis is to scan, monitor, forecast and assess the timing and importance of environmental changes and trends. In order for Rogers’ Chocolate to get strategic competitiveness, it’s very important that it understands the trends in the chocolate industry that are moving towards premium chocolate with high-quality and high-taste matched with classy packaging, beautiful retail experience and fair pricing. Rogers’ Chocolate already has award-winning reputation with its friendly customer service, pretty theme in its retail outlets with images and aromas. Customers buy premium chocolates for special events or for corporate gifts, so it’s very important that special focus is put on their attractive and unique packaging. Rogers’ Chocolate has it all. Rogers’ Chocolate needs to focus on the sale of its wholesale orders that constitute 30% of the total sales but it has been declining gradually due to inclination of the buyers towards other cheaper brands. It needs to reconsider its pricing strategy, marketing and relations with these customers. Extensive marketing in order improve brand awareness: Regardless of Rogers’ Chocolate being the dominant player in the chocolate industry, it only occupies 7% share in the $167 million market. Premium chocolate is a growing sector with high profit potential and Rogers’ Chocolate has the ability to avail this opportunity if it extends its marketing strategy in order to grow in the near future. Pricing Strategy: Price of chocolate product also affects success of producing firm. Company’s Price of the product determines consumption rate of the product. Whether price is regulated by the organization itself or state-based decision, it affects demand of the product. Demand and price of any product are inversely related. Low market demand implies low net sales, which makes success of the company to be uncertain. Another aspect of price factor is in determination of production cost. Lower prices than other producers of the same type of commodity make production cost expensive. On the other hand, high price reduces market demand of any product. In a case where different companies sell similar product at different prices, companies using extreme prices are at risk of failing Geographical Distribution: It is very important for the success of the company to have a widespread geographical distribution of its products. A company with many locations is more likely to have its customers familiarized with its products and image. Brand loyalty increases when customers know that their preferred brand is located not too far from them. Product Diversification: Product diversification is applied in cases where stiff competition exists in the market. Instead of maintaining production of only one type of chocolate product, modification in shape, color, and different composition ensures further success of a company. Internal Analysis: Strengths: * Well-established and reputable Brand * Experienced Management Team * Rich history and tradition in Canada * Award winning recognition * Revenues * Loyal customers * Devoted Employees and Passionate Employees * Quality products hand wrapped Weaknesses: * Production process – not efficient and no measuring capabilities * Demand forecasting – difficult due to seasonality of sales * Management’s and Employee’s resistance to change. * Management team conflicts * Packaging * Lack of brand image and customer awareness * Cost of setting up and cleaning equipment * Inventory Management – Out of Stock and Over stock – production planning issues * Decrease in Wholesale * Online Sales only 4% Opportunities: * Growth in European and Asian markets * Retail and Online expansion * Increased production capacity * Trends and shifts in consumer confectionary market * Kiosks in airports * Organic trade line Threats: * Economy and demand fluctuations * Competitors * Decreased number of tourists. * Environmental concerns and human rights concerns expressed by some consumers * USFDA guidelines for â€Å"redefining† chocolate Rogers’ Chocolate has 24,000 sq. ft. production facility with 110 non-unionized retail and production employees. 75 employees work in retail while 35 in the production. Hand making and hand packing made the chocolate production very labour intensive while big portion of the costs were that of set-up time and cleaning time for the equipment during the batch processing. There are no means of measuring the productivity and efficiency in the plant. Another issue faced by the Rogers’ Chocolate is its inability to forecast the demand and hence the production of its products due to the seasonality of the sales. This problem is dealt with excess production to deal with the out-of-stocks during the peak seasons. The delays in the import of art tins for assortment from China also throw the schedule off for the next product in production line. Rogers’ Chocolate has a very low turnover rate because of its historic heritage of 120 years and strong family values. Some workers were third-generation Rogers’ employees with strong commitment and passion for the company. However, it created a problem for the company because employees were resistant to any change in the company. Rogers’ Chocolate was also involved in the local community service by employing people with disability and a group of brain-damaged individuals. The organization had a very good and friendly corporate culture where people respected each other on first-name basis. Compensation packages offered to the employees were also very competitive in order to retain the experienced employees. Rogers’ Chocolate has the potential of growth with its present resources. The company has a well-managed and competent workforce, which is the driving force for the entire organization. The board of directors consist of educated and experienced people who have good know-how of the industry. The production facility and other tangible and non tangible assets permit Rogers’ to come forward to lead the industry. It has all the right business tools that are required by an organization in order to succeed. Rogers’ has access to the main markets of the country that include its retail outlets, wholesale sales and online sales. All these resources and its ability in making premium chocolate with high quality and high taste make it a potential threat to its competitors. If utilized properly, these resources and capabilities can allow Rogers’ Chocolate to formulate a strategy to earn above average returns. Recommendations: * Focus on strengthening current retail operations than wholesale. * Roger’s good corporate social practices will also focus on human rights (labour laws), packaging, procurement and operational decisions. * Increase brand awareness to capture more market share. * Focus growing the retail business into new geographic markets. * Continue to grow complementary business lines (i. e. Ice Cream) * Develop core competence in operations management to drive efficiencies and reduce inventories. * Upgrade technology in production to increase capacity * Create new product lines and packaging to broaden the customer base. * Franchise Sams Deli. It has large amount in administration expenses. * Franchise retail chocolate stores. * Offer promotions on special events like Christmas, Father’s Day, Mother’s Day, and Valentine’s Day etc. * Keep existing customers happy with special discounts and customer loyalty programs.

Bioghraphy -- Emily Bronte :: essays research papers

Ita Cohen  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Marvin English  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 4, 2000 Biography Report of Emily Bronte   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In every author’s life, there is an event or sequence of childhood/ early adulthood events that have shaped the author’s life and general point of view. These events often color or influence the author’s outlook and filter their way into the author’s work. In Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, this is clearly shown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . The reader sees an extraordinary inwardness in Emily Bronte’s book Wuthering Heights. Emily has a gloomy and isolated childhood. . Says Charlotte Bronte, â€Å" my sister’s disposition was not naturally gregarious; circumstances favored and fostered her tendency to seclusion; except to go to church, or to take a walk on the hills, she rarely crossed the threshold of home.†(Everit,24) That inwardness, that remarkable sense of the privacy of human experience, is clearly the essential vision of Wuthering Heights. Emily Bronte saw the principal human conflict as one between the individual and the dark, questioning universe, a universe symbolized, in her novel, both by man’s threatening and hardly-to-be-controlled inner nature, and by nature in its more impersonal sense, the wild lonesome mystery of the moors. The love of Heathcliff and Catherine, in its purest form, expresses itself absolutely in its own terms. These terms may seem to a t ypical mind, violent, and even disgusting. But having been generated by that particular love, they are the proper expressions of it. The passionately private relationship of Heathcliff and Catherine makes no reference to any social convention or situation. Only when Cathy begins to be attracted to the well-mannered ways of Thrushcross Grange, she is led, through them, to abandon her true nature. Inwardness is also the key to the structure of the novel. The book begins in the year 1801, on the very rim of the tale, long after the principal incidents of the story have taken place. Mr. Lockwood, our guide, is very far removed from the central experiences of the narrative. Under Lockwood’s sadly unperceptive direction, the reader slowly begins to understand what is happening at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Gradually we move toward the center of the novel. In a few chapters, Nelly Dean, takes over from Lockwood, and the reader is a little closer to the truth. Still Nelly is herself unperceptive and the reader must struggle hard till reaching the center of the novel; the passionate last meeting of Heathcliff and Cathy in Chapter 15.

Food Memoir Essay

Eating it as soon as it gets out of the oven is an amazing experience. The elation increased inside me as soon as I started to smell the juicy baked chicken. Suddenly, it feels like a irresistible need to grab a bite of it right away. Obviously you can’t resist it, so you cut a piece of it and eat it. The crunchy sensation of the baked cereal all around the chicken is wonderful, but not only the texture felt good, the gooey of the sugar that comes with the cornflake make it taste like glory. The sweet mixed with the salt of the seasonings is an incredible party inside the mouth. Adding a delicious bowl of baked potatoes with bechamel sauces makes the dish even better. I always love to cook and be creative while cooking; preparing different kind of dishes with different seasons, all natural most of the time. Cooking is not about following recipes and going by the cooking book. Instead it’s about being able to mix different seasonings to create the perfect taste. The history behind this invention comes from the lack of resources to prepare a decent dish. It was a quite night like tonight, listening to John Mayer and my roommate and I were really hungry. Then we looked at the refrigerator and cabinets to see what we could cook but we only found chicken, tomatoes, garlic, salt and pepper. Having all those seasons and been tired of eating grill chicken I decided to make it baked crunchy chicken, but sadly there wasn’t any ground bread and I figured it out late so the only thing that I could use was the cereal. So that is how it happened, a happy mistake. I used cornflakes instead of bread crumbs for the baked chicken. At the time I started to prepare the chicken, two girls came in looking for us. They reaction was priceless; they screamed â€Å"Oh my god! You guys are crazy! † at us. My roommate after he laughed for few seconds he told them that it was going to taste good and that they will want me to cook for them after they taste it. The girls said ok and stayed in our apartment all night with us having fun. While the chicken was in the oven, I put some potatoes to boil. Then when the potatoes were cooked, I prepared bechamel sauces. I took a bowl with all the potatoes and I let the bechamel sauces rain over it. Then I put the bowl inside the oven with the chicken as well. In the meantime, I sat down between the two girls and we talked about something â€Å"special†. That happened later that night. When it was time to take the chicken and the potatoes out of the oven, we all went to the kitchen to see how it looks like. First I took out the chicken and placed on the dinner table, and then I go back to the kitchen to take out the potatoes as well. When I come back from the kitchen, I found that my friends had already eaten one chicken to taste it in like 8 seconds. I told them that they attacked the chicken too fast. Therefore one of the girls said to me that it was really good, that the sugar on the chicken was delicious. We sat on the table, each of us four with 2 boneless Baked Cereal Crunchy Chicken, with baked potatoes doused in bechamel sauce and many very cold coke cans. The coke cans were so cold that I had to use my can handler while the others used a can bag that we have. Those 15 to 30 minutes that we were eating on the table, became a good memory to our brains and especially to our tongues. Even though, that like five other people came to the apartment to check out our dinner and ate from our food, it was a good. They find out about it because the girls posted some pictures on instagram. Every single people who tasted the food, at the beginning when they saw what was it, they were all like â€Å"Cornflakes with Chicken? † However they all found it very tasty. Good enough to tell me that I should do that again. After we ate, I laid down on the sofa with my head over one of the girl legs. Then my friend yelled out loud â€Å"Toy timbi†, that is a Dominican expression that people say when we cannot eat more. My roommate went to the kitchen to clean the dishes, as it was his turn. After he was done, the girls screamed â€Å"Special time! † and suddenly a bottle of Jose Cuervo appeared. They prepared some margaritas with lemon and strawberry mixer. Later on, after around 3 rounds of margaritas we started to listen and dance merengue and salsa. We dance for like hour and half non stopping. Also we were singing a bit while we were dancing. We stopped dancing when he figure out that it was 4:00 am and we had class at 8:30 am. We were all tired but we were also in a happy mood. We all went to bed right away, but sadly none of us make it through the next four hours; the one who woke up earlier was the younger girl at 10 o’clock. She nocked my door very hard, until I woke up really mad because we skipped the class at 8:30 am. When we were all ready, we talked about last night. And the first thing that came out was that the chicken was really good and when I would do it again.

Discipline & Grievance Essay

Disciplinary procedures are an aid to the effective management of people, and should not be viewed primarily as a means of imposing sanctions or as leading to dismissal. Where dismissal does occur, employees may make a complaint to an employment tribunal if they believe they have been unfairly dismissed, although ordinarily the employee must have one year’s service1. It is for the employer to show the reason for the dismissal and that it was a fair reason. The tribunal will determine whether the dismissal was fair or unfair and will take into account the size and administrative resources of the employer in deciding whether they acted reasonably or unreasonably. The tribunal will take account of Code of Practice the guidance given in the Acas Code of Practice on Disciplinary and grievance procedures [327kb] (see Annexes A and C of the Code) and consider how far the statutory three-step procedures have been followed. What does it mean? Check the glossary for more explanation of the terms used in this handbook. The Code of Practice provides guidance on good practice in disciplinary and grievance matters in employment, and includes information on the right to be accompanied at a disciplinary or grievance hearing. Acas handbook Although this handbook is purely advisory it complements the Code of Practice by giving additional practical advice. Discipline Section 1 on discipline at work starts by explaining why organisations need rules and disciplinary procedures and gives an overview of how to handle discipline. It then looks in depth at. The rest of the part on discipline gives advice on handling absence, unsatisfactory performance and particular cases – such as those involving trade union representatives, criminal charges or employees in remote locations. Grievances Part 2 – Grievance procedures considers why organisations need procedures and gives advice on how to handle a grievance hearing. Guidance is also given on special cases – such as those to do with bullying or harassment, discrimination and whistleblowing. In these sensitive areas some organisations may wish to develop separate procedures. The statutory minimum grievance procedures are also summarised in Part 2 Grievance procedures. The right to be accompanied Part 3- The right to be accompanied. Checklist for the right of accompaniment has information on the right to be accompanied at disciplinary and grievance meetings. Prevention is better than cure Although it is important to deal with discipline and grievance issues fairly and effectively it is more important to prevent problems arising in the first place. The first step is to understand the relationship between discipline and grievance issues and wider issues like communication, induction and training. For example, if managers and staff are in the habit of talking to each other openly about what’s happening at work then specific problems – like lack of training or poor motivation – can be resolved before any disciplinary action becomes necessary. Equally, if staff are given contracts of employment when they start work – including rules for absence, timekeeping and discipline, as well as details of pay, holidays etc – then there will be less opportunity for ambiguity if problems arise in the future. The use of the formal disciplinary and grievance procedures should be considered a ‘last resort’ rather than the first option. Many problems can be sorted out through informal dialogue between managers and staff –a ‘quiet word’ is often all that’s needed.

Roswell

Roswell There's a key difference between the skeptical/scientific outlook and the paranormal/pseudoscientific approach: practitioners of the latter tend to persist in their cherished beliefs regardless of all evidence casting doubt on them. Let's look at one case in which a supposed mystery had been solved, yet continue to be promoted as if ordinary solutions were unknown, and the question still remains; Did it happen? The most famous of all UFO and alien stories is that of Roswell, made legend in movies, television shows and hundreds of books. According to the story, the U.S. government and armed forces have tried to hide the crash of an extraterrestrial spaceship outside Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. Some versions of the tale claim alien bodies were recovered and the crashed alien craft was secretly "reverse-engineered" by government scientists to give us such technological advances as the integrated circuits used by today's computers.Roswell, NMThe majority of the public would like t o believe in the idea that Roswell never happened, but that may not be the case.There are two many underlining factors that point to the fact that Roswell did occur. The debris retrieved from the site of the "crashed flying saucer" near Roswell, all the evidence recovered, the government cover-up of what actually transpired, and the witnesses who must have seen the incident upclose. But never has a credible witness - out of the thousands who must have been involved over the years in keeping the secret of the United States holding and researching extraterrestrial bodies and spacecraft - ever come forward. Never in five decades has a piece of hard evidence been found to support the ET claims. And meanwhile a very reasonable explanation has been offered to cover all the facts. Yet the hype about Roswell persists. So you be...

Red Barons Kills

Red Barons Kills Flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, more commonly known as the  Red Baron,  was not only one of the best pilots of World War I:  he has become an icon of the war itself. Credited with shooting down 80 enemy aircraft, the Red Baron owned the skies. His bright red airplane (a very unusual and ostentatious color for a fighting plane) brought both respect and fear. To the Germans, Richthofen was known as the Red Battle Flier and his exploits brought the German people courage as well as increased morale during the bloody years of the war. Although the Red Baron survived for much longer than most fighter pilots during World War I, he eventually met their same fate. On April 21, 1918, the day after his 80th kill, the Red Baron once again got into his red airplane and went searching for the enemy. Unfortunately, this time, it was the Red Baron who was shot down. Below is a list of the Red Barons kills. Some of these aircraft  held one and others held two people. Not all of the crew members were killed when their airplanes crashed. No. Date Type of Aircraft Location 1 Sept. 17, 1916 FE 2b near Cambrai 2 Sept. 23, 1916 Martinsyde G 100 Somme River 3 Sept. 30, 1916 FE 2b Fremicourt 4 Oct. 7, 1916 BE 12 Equancourt 5 Oct. 10, 1916 BE 12 Ypres 6 Oct. 16, 1916 BE 12 near Ypres 7 Nov. 3, 1916 FE 2b Loupart Wood 8 Nov. 9, 1916 Be 2c Beugny 9 Nov. 20, 1916 BE 12 Geudecourt 10 Nov. 20, 1916 FE 2b Geudecourt 11 Nov. 23, 1916 DH 2 Bapaume 12 Dec. 11, 1916 DH 2 Mercatel 13 Dec. 20, 1916 DH 2 Moncy-le-Preux 14 Dec. 20, 1916 FE 2b Moreuil 15 Dec. 27, 1916 FE 2b Ficheux 16 Jan. 4, 1917 Sopwith Pup Metz-en-Coutre 17 Jan. 23, 1917 FE 8 Lens 18 Jan. 24, 1917 FE 2b Vitry 19 Feb. 1, 1917 BE 2e Thelus 20 Feb. 14, 1917 BE 2d Loos 21 Feb. 14, 1917 BE 2d Mazingarbe 22 Mar. 4, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Acheville 23 Mar. 4, 1917 BE 2d Loos 24 Mar. 3, 1917 BE 2c Souchez 25 Mar. 9, 1917 DH 2 Bailleul 26 Mar. 11, 1917 BE 2d Vimy 27 Mar. 17, 1917 FE 2b Oppy 28 Mar. 17, 1917 BE 2c Vimy 29 Mar. 21, 1917 BE 2c La Neuville 30 Mar. 24, 1917 Spad VII Givenchy 31 Mar. 25, 1917 Nieuport 17 Tilloy 32 April 2, 1917 BE 2d Farbus 33 April 2, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Givenchy 34 April 3, 1917 FE 2d Lens 35 April 5, 1917 Bristol Fighter F 2a Lembras 36 April 5, 1917 Bristol Fighter F 2a Quincy 37 April 7, 1917 Nieuport 17 Mercatel 38 April 8, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Farbus 39 April 8, 1917 BE 2e Vimy 40 April 11, 1917 BE 2c Willerval 41 April 13, 1917 RE 8 Vitry 42 April 13, 1917 FE 2b Monchy 43 April 13, 1917 FE 2b Henin 44 April 14, 1917 Nieuport 17 Bois Bernard 45 April 16, 1917 BE 2c Bailleul 46 April 22, 1917 FE 2b Lagnicourt 47 April 23, 1917 BE 2e Mericourt 48 April 28, 1917 BE 2e Pelves 49 April 29, 1917 Spad VII Lecluse 50 April 29, 1917 FE 2b Inchy 51 April 29, 1917 BE 2d Roeux 52 April 29, 1917 Nieuport 17 Billy-Montigny 53 June 18, 1917 RE 8 Strugwe 54 June 23, 1917 Spad VII Ypres 55 June 26, 1917 RE 8 Keilbergmelen 56 June 25, 1917 RE 8 Le Bizet 57 July 2, 1917 RE 8 Deulemont 58 Aug. 16, 1917 Nieuport 17 Houthulster Wald 59 Aug. 26, 1917 Spad VII Poelcapelle 60 Sept. 2, 1917 RE 8 Zonebeke 61 Sept. 3, 1917 Sopwith Pup Bousbecque 62 Nov. 23, 1917 DH 5 Bourlon Wood 63 Nov. 30, 1917 SE 5a Moevres 64 Mar. 12, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Nauroy 65 Mar. 13, 1918 Sopwith Camel Gonnelieu 66 Mar. 18, 1918 Sopwith Camel Andigny 67 Mar. 24, 1918 SE 5a Combles 68 Mar. 25, 1918 Sopwith Camel Contalmaison 69 Mar. 26, 1918 Sopwith Camel Contalmaison 70 Mar. 26, 1918 RE 8 Albert 71 Mar. 27, 1918 Sopwith Camel Aveluy 72 Mar. 27, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Foucacourt 73 Mar. 27, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Chuignolles 74 Mar. 28, 1918 Armstrong Whitworth FK 8 Mericourt 75 April 2, 1918 FE 8 Moreuil 76 April 6, 1918 Sopwith Camel Villers-Bretonneux 77 April 7, 1918 SE 5a Hangard 78 April 7, 1918 Spad VII Villers-Bretonneux 79 April 20, 1918 Sopwith Camel Bois-de-Hamel 80 April 20, 1918 Sopwith Camel Villers-Bretonneux

Immigration As A Source Of Conflict In France Essay

Immigration As A Source Of Conflict In France - Essay Example With a huge proportion of the immigrants being unemployed, there is a rise in labor riots in France. This can be attributed to the competition for jobs between the North African immigrants with the local French laborers. This is because they are willing to work at lower wages due to their lack of skills. This has sparked up racism and ethnic violence between the French Nationals and the North African immigrants. The immigrants feel they are not accepted as being French and are stigmatized to go back to their country, as they do not belong in France. They are not given jobs due to their immigrant nature and end up doing work beneath them. The lack of employment has also sparked up social evils and increased the crime rates in the country. The governments of the day are forced to deport some of the illegal immigrants to avoid extreme political movements due to high unemployment rates among the immigrants. There are two key things that are depicted about immigration as a source of confl ict in contemporary France. Immigrants come along with their cultural practices, religion, and this when they interact with local nationals, conflict can arise in the attempt of either group trying to dominate the other. This makes integration of the immigrants with the local communities difficult and can result in animosities between the two. Immigration adds competition for resources in the country and, therefore, the government should provide enough job and investment opportunities so as to avoid socio-economic conflict and labor woes.

Violence cannot be properly understood if it is approached as an Essay - 1

Violence cannot be properly understood if it is approached as an evolutionary aspect of human nature'. Discuss - Essay Example It is therefore pretty correct to state that violence is the basis of a number of human-related problems which have come about of age, and that too have lingered on in the longest time. What needs to be understood is the proper role of violence within the midst of human comprehension because it shall make the good and the bad souls within any society get the hang of how things shape up within violent realms. This paper discusses the basis of violence and how it is dealt within an evolutionary aspect of human nature or the lack thereof. It is important that violence is understood exactly in the way it should be done. How violence comes of age here is the fact that its repercussions are varied on the people and it is manifested in a number of different ways. What remains significant is the fact that it is something which is abhorred in essence. The element of hatred with regards to violence is because no one appreciates its incorporation within his/her life. There is immense negativity that comes in the way of violence and quite rightly so. Since the domains of violence are now being seen as elements of extreme disruption, people usually understand the related dictums more than ever. This is because violence brings about destruction and problems for all and sundry, creating a sense of negative upheaval within any society of the world where the aspect of violence is on the rise (Wrangham, 1997). How human beings decipher the notion of violence is understood differently because the people who are close to such levels believe that it is something drastic and could easily destruct the basis of not only their own lives but the ones around them as well. It is indeed an inherent feeling within the people all over the world that violence can ransack their peace, destruct the basis of their tranquility and turn their serene environments into wrath-filled zones. More than anything else, violence is something that is a definitive no-no from all sides and should always be ke pt at a safe distance from the lives of the commoners. Whether or not human beings are intrinsically violent in their regimes is an unsubstantiated feeling. This is because many people are of the view that there are aggressive individuals spread all around them but whether they possess the violent streak in them is something that needs to be understood in the most proper sense. Violence can be a part of an individual’s personality but it might not be a vital facet within his own domains. People are of the view that violence is usually something that creates anarchy within the society, though not in a fast-paced way. It does create anarchy of sorts because it is an element which stirs up emotions and sentiments, all of which are deemed in a negative fashion. The evolution of human beings is such that violence can affect or literally break their basis. It is something that makes them think and thus find out ways which can deal with the foundation of violence in the first place (Ferguson, 2004). There have been critical views regarding the essence of violence creeping into the different societies of the world. It is yet to be established whether or not violence is the root cause of many a problem within the national regimes, and more so in an area to area basis. This is because locals

How a Bill Becomes a Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How a Bill Becomes a Law - Research Paper Example In order for a bill to become law a number of steps have to be followed. The legislative process A bill can only be introduced by a member of Congress – House of Representative or the Senate. A number is assigned to each bill based on its origin. Bills which originate in the House of Representatives have H.R. affixed to them while those which originate in the Senate has S. affixed to them. This is an indication that the bill has been officially introduced (Longley n.d.). It is then printed by the Government Printing Office in the Congressional Record. Bills are referred to one or more Houses based on their specific rules. The Speaker of the House of Representative or President of the Senate refers this Bill to various committees that have the responsibility of considering them. If the bill is approved by the committee it is then debated and voted on in the process of becoming law. Bills that are not acted on are deemed to have died in committee. The Bill is then reported to th e House or Senate by the committee where it is initially read and amended where necessary and then read a second time. The Bill is then read a third time when it is debated and voted on by members (Longley n.d.). ... The respective House will enter the objection on their journal and start the process of reconsidering it. If two thirds of the house agrees to pass the bill after reconsideration then it should be sent along with the objections to the other House for reconsideration and the same process of approval be sought. If two thirds of the House approves the bill then it becomes law. There is also a requirement that the names of each person who votes for and against the bill be entered in the Journal of the respective Houses. If the bill having passed to the President of the United States is not returned by the President within ten days, with the exception of Sundays, then the bill will become law as if it was signed by the President. However, if Congress is adjourned and in so doing prevents its return, then it does not become law even though the President has not sent any objections to Congress. Unless a different date is expressly specified a bill becomes law when it is approved by the Pres ident – signed and dated or by passage over the President’s veto. The role of the judiciary The Judiciary plays a key role after the legislative process is completed. The judiciary is given the sole power of interpreting the law, determining its constitutionality and applying it to individual cases (The White House). As a branch of the government its foremost role is to defend and uphold the U.S. Constitution (Ladner 2000). It provides the framework in which the rights of investors are protected as in the case of different laws such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is provided by the court. At every level, the role of the judiciary is to protect the

Juvenile Delinquency Theories Case Study

Juvenile Delinquency Theories Case Study For many years now the real causes of juvenile delinquency have attracted the attention of many people. What causes juvenile delinquency is a major aspect of sociological and criminological studies. By understanding what really causes the delinquency, the community will reduce the continuity of the act by implementing prevention strategies. There are several criminological theories that are used to define and assist in understanding the causes of the offending act. Some of the juvenile delinquency contributors that has attracted the attention of many researchers are family environment, peer influence, parenting styles, community structure and school environment. There are several juvenile crimes that have occurred in the U.S. for example the juvenile crime perpetrated by Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold that left the residence of Littleton town, Colorado terrified and the murder committed by Menendez brothers against their parents just to mention but a few. The paper will focus on the juvenile crime committed by the Menendez brothers as the case under study. First, an overview of the case shall be considered before turning into delinquency/criminological theories to explain what might have led the two to kill their parents in relation to juvenile delinquency. Much attention shall be focused on the strength and weaknesses of the chosen theory. Finally, an alternative theory that could be used to analyze the case will be reviewed. Overview of the Menendez brothers’ juvenile crime Erik Menendez conspired with his brother Joseph Menendez to kill their parents. Erik shot Kitty and Jose Lyle Menendez using a 12-gauge shotgun. First the first trail fail to convict the two brothers, the jury in the retrial found them guilty on the two accounts: the first-degree murder and the conspiracy to carry out murder. But what could have led the two brothers to kill their parents? Both Erik and Lyle were brought up in Princeton, New Jersey where they attended Princeton Day School. Lyle went further to attend Princeton University. In 1987 when their family relocated to California Erik enrolled at the Calabasas High School while Lyle was under disciplinary probation because of poor grades. Lyle later dropped out of school after he was faced with plagiarism allegations. This clearly shows that he was under some form of stress. Jose and Kitty were murdered on 20th August 1989 in their home. Their neighbors said that they heard firecrackers sound on the fateful night. Jose was shot in the head while Kitty was shot while trying to escape after being awakened by the gun shoots beyond recognition. To make the crime appear as a mob related one, both of them were shot around the kneecap. The two brothers then left and later dumped the shotgun along the way before heading to a movie theater. Upon returning home at around 11 pm in the night Lyle called 911 claiming that somebody had killed their parents. Although, the police considered them as suspects, there was no evidence linking them to the crime. This was until the wife of a therapist that the two boys used to visit unearthed a recording that had incriminating evidence. The brothers had opened up to the therapist by telling him that they were experiencing suicidal tendencies due to their guilty conscience and the thoughts of having killed their own parents. Analysis In order to understand the reason(s) behind such a cold-blooded murder, we need to consider the available facts. Erik told the jury that they decided to kill their parents because they thought that their parents were going to kill them. Erik said that his father had been sexually molesting him since he was a child and had insisted on him staying home a few days of the week despite Erik having being enrolled to a college. Lyle, the elder brother, had also been molested but his father had stopped when he was eight years old. Lyle was threatening to expose their father if he did not stop molesting Erik. This confrontation made the two boys think that their parents were plotting to kill them. One of the many theories that can be used to explain this scenario is the deterrence theory. It puts forward the idea that juveniles commit crime because they choose to. Their actions are based on calculated risks and benefits. In the Menendez case, the two brothers did not kill their parents accidentally. They had the whole murder planned as evidenced by prior purchase of the shotguns. They also knew their parents room well enough to aim for a head shot despite the fact that only the TV was on. However, the real question is why did they choose to kill their parents instead of reporting to the police or any other relevant authority? There are several answers that can answer that question. They had fear. They feared their parents especially their father who had dominated and controlled their lives since childhood. Their father was also very strict when it came to tennis and Erik hated being under constant pressure to play better. He feared failing his father by performing poorly in the tennis court. Lyle, on the other hand, feared that if he did not do something to stop his father from molesting his younger brother, the sexual abuse would continue well into their adulthood and would impact negatively on Erik in school as it had done to him. Additionally, he also feared what people would say when such news was revealed to the public. Their family name would be tainted. It was these fears combined that led them to make a choice- a choice to kill their parents. This was the only method that would act as a solution for each of the brother’s fears. This is because it would eliminate their abusive and strict father without the public ever knowing the real reason behin d the brutal elimination. The decision to arrive at this choice may also have been greatly influenced by the fact that the brothers held the belief that their parents were going to kill them. It was only fair to kill the parents before they killed them. However, from the prosecution’s point of view, the brothers did not murder their parents so as to end years of sexual molestation and strict parenting. The court claimed that their sole motive for the murder was the large and attractive inheritance left behind by the parents. Their family owned a $14 million estate. This accusation was based on the fact that barely six months after the murder, Erik bought himself a Rolex, a Jeep, a house and some clothes which were far too expensive given his age of 22. In his defense, Erik said that he had feelings of regret and remorse whenever he spent their parents’ money knowing that he was the one who had committed the murder. According to the brothers, the benefit of getting rid of their molesting parents was greater than the risk of a lifelong prison sentence. This reinforces the deterrence theory which suggests that when the benefits of committing a crime outweigh the risks, juvenile delinquency increases. It is not possible to analyze the entire case by using only one theory. Another possible theory that could explain the juvenile behavior exhibited by the brothers is Sheldon’s somatype theory. This theory explains that our individual body shapes and structures can contribute greatly to our criminal tendencies. He suggests that mesomorphs, or muscular, strong and firm people are more aggressive and assertive when it comes to reacting to situations in life. Their bodies allow them to commit crimes much easier than their larger counterparts, the endomorphs. This theory is useful in this case study since Erik was a fairly good tennis player. That means that his body bore athletic features making him a mesomorph. His physical appearance may have contributed in the murder in that he considered himself fit to handle a shotgun and he was ready to fight back should there be any resistance from the parents. Another theory that might help shed some light on this murder is Lombroso’s atavism theory which suggests that some children are born with criminal traits inherited from their parents. Erik’s father exhibited criminal tendencies with his sexual abuse. It is only fair to assume that Erik and Lyle got their delinquent behavior from their father. References Juvenile Delinquency Theories. Retrieved from http://juvenilejustice190.blogspot.com/2012/10/oncea-criminal-always-criminal-this-is.html Menendez Brothers on Trial: Erik Testifies He Feared Parents. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2007/US/law/12/10/court.archive.menendez5/index.html?_s=PM:US Menendez brothers trial hinges on tape: Two rich young men who shot their parents have gained supporters as their bizarre story unfolded. Now the two juries must decide, reports Phil Reeves. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/menendez-brothers-trial-hinges-on-tape-two-rich-young-men-who-shot-their-parents-have-gained-supporters-as-their-bizarre-story-unfolded-now-the-two-juries-must-decide-reports-phil-reeves-1505930.html

Anointed King :: essays research papers

Within Shakespeare’s play Richard II there are many questionable and untrusting characters. Truth and duty are only illusions within the play. Lust for power and control override the order of England and its ordained king. It’s believed that it is by the will of God that Richard is king. No mortal man can come between what God has set before them as rule. The final decision is God’s and the only way that God’s choice can be changed is by God himself, and no one else. God takes the Garden of Eden from Adam, and like Adam, England is taken from Richard. It is questionable if Bolingbroke acts against God’s will or through God’s will. Richard is king, and though a sad choice, he has been ordained by God as king and ruler of England. It is not for his followers to decide if he is to be replaced by someone that they feel would be a better caretaker of the “garden';. In Richard II , by overtaking the crown and replacing R ichard with Bolingbroke, society is going against its own belief that Richard is ordained by God. From an Englishman’s point of view it could be argued that God is somewhat responsible for the state that England is in, because they believe Richard was chosen by God. Within Richard II , God is believed to be forsaken so that England can become a great kingdom again, and this is done in hope that Richard’s wrongs can be made right by Bolingbroke. Richard’s opposition - York, Bolingbroke, and Northumberland - believe that what they are doing is done to regenerate the badly tended “garden';. They want to replant it with Bolingbroke as king, and this they believe will restore England to order. By judging and replacing Richard they are going against what their society believes is God’s will. This is the worst mistake of all, because as the saying goes “two wrongs don’t make a right';. They are playing against a power fa r greater than anything they could imagine Richard being able to do. Their worries should not be of what Richard will do to them if they do not succeed, but what God will do to them at any given time. Northumberland tells of how the kingship will be restored and the garden revived. "If then we shall shake off our slavish yoke,/ Imp out our drooping country’s broken wing,/ Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown,/ Wipe off the dust that hides our scepter’s gilt,/ And make high majesty look like itself," (Richard II II.

ASIC v Adler Essay

The case of ASIC v Adler is very unique as well as complicated since it involved several breach of duties in the Corporations Act 2001. The HIH collapse was caused by very bad corporate governance. Such breach of duties are, section 9 (director’s duties), section 180 (duty to act with care and diligence), section 181 (duty to act in good faith and for a proper purpose), section 182 (improper use of position), section 182(2) (business judgement rule), section 183 (duty not to improperly use information) and section 260A (financial assistance). All of these contraventions under the Corporations Act 2001 will be discussed in detail below. Section 9 – Who Is A Director And Their Duties Under section 9, a director of a company is defined as a person who is appointed to that position such as a director or alternate director, regardless of what name it is given to that position. Section 9 also includes certain people to be directors even though they are not properly appointed. Such people can act as a director even though without proper appointment of director position. This is where they act in the position of a director (which can be also known as de facto director) or the directors are used to act in accordance with the person’s instructions (which also known as a â€Å"shadow director†). Directors’ duties need to be existed in order to protect shareholders from the risks of directors giving harm towards the company. Shareholders basically have risks such as fraud, where the directors took control over the assets belonging to the company by using it for their personal interest, and mismanagement, whereby directors made an incompetent decision with the financial standing of the company. Furthermore, section 9 also defines the â€Å"officer of a corporation†, which basically includes company executives who held senior positions in the board  level. Such persons can be identified in certain situations where that person (the executives) makes or joins participation into making decisions in which affects the whole or substantial part of the company’s business activities or, the person who has the authority to affect in a significant way towards the company’s financial standings or, basically the same definition of a â€Å"shadow director† where the person are acting towards the instructions given to them to act. In the case of ASIC v Adler, the court held that Adler, the director of HIH, was also an officer of wholly-owned HIH subsidiary which can be related under the section 9 definition of directors. This applies to Adler even though he was not properly appointed as a director or an officer of the subsidiary. Since he has the role of director, the subsidiary holding company and also a member of HIH investment committee, this has showed that he participated in the decision making of the company’s business in which affected it the whole or substantial part of the business. As Santow J gave his judgement on this case, he gave a good summary of principles applicable to directors’ duties. Some of it are; a director must continuously kept informed of the activities of the company, they must be familiar with the fundamentals of the business whereby the company is doing. Section 180 – Duty To Act With Care And Diligence In the section 180(1), it provides that a director or other officer of a company need to exercise their powers and discharge their duties with a standard of care and diligence in which a reasonable person will do if they were the director or officer of a company due to company’s circumstances (section 180(1)(a)) and occupied the office and had the same responsibilities in the company as the director or officer (section 180(1)(b)). Executive directors are full time employees of the company who involved in the day-to-day management of the company. They have special responsibilities with their position and have a high knowledge of daily operations of the company. Non-executive directors, on the other hand, do part-time and have regular involvements in the company. In the case of ASIC v Adler, Williams who was the managing director for HIH and HIHC as well, contravened section 180(1) as he failed to ensure there were proper safeguard before HIHC gave the loan to PEE. Fodera, who was the finance director of HIH, contravened section 180 as he failed to discuss a proposal to give $10 million loan to PEE to the HIH board or its investment committee. As the executive directors of the company, both Fodera and Williams failed to carry out their role properly without informing the HIH board of their intention. Section 180 (2) – The Business Judgement Rule In the section of 180(2), the section provides that a director or any other officer who makes a business judgement rule, will not be held liable in respect of the judgement under the statutory, common law or equitable duties of care and diligence, in which all of the elements can be shown. Such elements are, the judgement was properly made in good faith and for proper purpose, there was not material personal interest in the subject as of the matter of the judgement, the directors and the officers informed themselves about the subject matter of the judgement to the extent they appropriately believed to be reasonable and also the judgement was believed to be in rational in the best interest of the whole company. All of these would be reasonably justified unless any other person in such position thinks that it is completely unreasonable. The business judgement rule basically gives the directors with a â€Å"safe protection† from a personal liability in the relation of the business judgements that they take are valid which is in a good faith and in the best interest of the company. This is because some of their business decisions may turn out to be profit-making or a total loss in honest and rational way. Some of the main reasons for the business judgement rule defences are risk taking and activities in entrepreneurial activities will be encouraged since directors are aware of the specific legislation that if they act honestly,  they will not be punished or personally liable as a result of adverse judicial review. Another rule defence is that better business judgement will be made as a result of removing of some uncertainty of liability under the statutory duty of care and finally, the shareholders interest are better provided by engaging risk taking activities. To make directors be liable for such small erro rs of decision will promote risk-adverse decision-making with contrast effect on the economy. If the directors or other officers are able to satisfy the above requirements, they will have â€Å"safe protection† which makes them to be protected from liability for any breach of their duties of care and diligence. This means that their business judgement in such situations will be reviewed by court. Under section 180(3), the business judgement is defined that any decisions to take or not to take action with respect to matter that is relevant to business activities of the company. This only refers to business decisions that has made relevant to the business activities. It does not include any decisions made in the position of directors powers such as the power to issue shares or pay dividends. By referring to the case ASIC v Adler, the court held that all three Adler, Williams and Fodera breached their statutory duty of care as stated in section 180(1). They also, however could not rely on the business judgement rule as their defence. Firstly for Adler, the business judgement rule did not applicable for him since he cannot satisfy the section 180(2)(b) since he had a conflict of interest in the relation of his decision to invest the $10 million payment from HIHC in PEE. Secondly for Williams, the business judgement rule did not apply to him because of his failed to ensure the correct safeguards were enforced was not business judgement for the purpose in section 180(3). However, even this was a business judgement, since he was a major shareholder of HIH, he basically has material personal interest as in the section 180(2)(b). Other than that, Williams also failed to present any evidence that his judgement was done in good faith for the proper purpose as stated in section 18 0(2)(a). Finally, Fodera cannot rely on his business judgement rule as he failed to refer the transaction of PEE to the HIH board or its investment committee. This was not a business judgement as  stated in section 180(3). Section 181 – Statutory Duty To Act In Good Faith And For A Proper Purpose Under section 181(1), it says that a director or other officer of a corporation to exercise their powers and discharge their duties in bona fide (good faith) for the best interest of the company and also for a proper purpose. The section 181(1) can be contravened if the director thinks that they are actually doing their duties for the best interest of the company in which any other director, in that situation, thinks that is clearly unacceptable approach to do it. This may be happen when a director have a conflict of interest personally with the interest of the company they are handling. In the case of ASIC v Adler, it can clearly be seen that Adler, had contravened the section 181(1) to act in good faith by properly excising his powers and discharging his duties for the best interest of the company. This is because, the transactions that occurred in the HIH, HIHC and PEE had been improperly used, for the sake of his personal interest. Section 182 – Improper Use Of Position Under section 182, the section states that it restricts officers or the employees of a company from improperly using their power to gain advantage for themselves or for any other persons to the company. In the case of ASIC v Adler, the court held that Adler had contravened the section 182 due to the arrangement of $10 million loan from HIHC to PEE which was then to be used to acquire HIH shares on the stock market. This transaction was merely done for the purpose of supporting the HIH shares to increase the price and thereby selling the HIH shares owned by Adler Corporation before PEE could sell off their HIH shares. Because of this transaction, PEE had incurred a total loss of investment by reselling on the HIH shares. In regard of this transaction, Adler was held that he had improperly used his position as a director of HIH, officer of HIHC and director of PEE to gain advantage for the Adler Corporation. The court also held that Williams, also had breached his duties as a director for both HIH and HIHC under section 182, to help gaining advantage for Adler Corporation. This is because Williams, used his position improperly by authorising the $10 million load payment without proper approval from the HIH’s investment committee, which he was required to disclose under the HIH’s investment guidelines. Other than that, the court also held that Adler improperly used his position as a director in the PEE transactions of acquiring a number of unlisted capitals at the cost price from Adler Corporation without obtaining independent valuations of these ventures. With these transactions successful, Adler and Adler Corporation was able to exclude himself from these commercially unviable business operations. Adler basically knew that each of those businesses were having major cash flow problems and each had a significant risk that they would ultimately collapse. Adler, however, failed to disclose his personal interest to the HIH board other than Williams and Fodera. Section 183 – Improper Use of Information As stated in section 183, a person who gets information because they are or are not director, officer or employee of a company, must not misuse the information just to gain advantage for themselves or to any other person whereby causing failure in the company. Section 183 also applies towards resigned or retired directors, officers and employees as well. Informations such as insider information can be taken as an advantage by any person in order to gain benefit by using it to themselves or by giving to other person. In the case of ASIC v Vizard, the court held that Vizard involved in the contravention of section 183, whereby he gained the insider information as he was the non-executive director of Telstra. He misused the information in order to gain advantage for CTI, Brigham and himself as well whereby based on the information that he receives (Telstra board’s decision to acquire  other company and selling their interest on another company), he would act accordingly to buy or sell off his shares ahead of Telstra. S260A – Financial Assistance In section 260A, the section states that it forbids a company financially assisting a person to obtain or acquire shares in the same company of its holding company. However, if some of the conditions are met then the company may proceed to do such transaction. Some of the conditions are, giving the financial assistance will not materially prejudice the interest of the company, its shareholders or the company’s ability to pay its creditors (under section 260A(1)(a)), the financial assistance is validated by the shareholders (under section 260B) or the financial assistance is relieved or exempted (under section 260C). Financial assistance is can be basically referred to where a company is lending money to a person to buy the company shares. This means that the company gives a certain amount of money to a person so that the person buys some of the company’s shares. Another example is where a company gives a surety or guaranteed a person’s loan in which the sum of the loan will be proceeded to buy shares in the company. The company is basically providing a loan to a person for the sake of buying back its own shares off the stock market. Another example is where the company is giving its own assets as a security to a person’s loan in which the loan money will be used to buy the shares of the company given its assets as security. The section 260A clearly states that a company is restricted from giving financial assistance to a person to buy its own shares in the stock market as it will cause material prejudice. By analysing the case of ASIC V Adler, it can be seen that Adler, who was controlling PEE, was clearly contravened the section of 260A by which giving financial assistance to PEE through HIHC, a subsdiary of HIH, which is also a company controlled by Adler. This financial assistance given to PEE, was then used to buy the HIH shares on the stock market. This transaction gives a false impression over the stock market as well as its investors that Adler was supporting the falling share  price of its company, HIH, by buying the shares personally. However, the court found out that Adler does not have the intention to make easy profit and reselling the HIH shares. The real purpose was to increase the HIH share price in benefit of Alder Corporation Limited as substantial shareholding in HIH. The actual evidence is that when PEE went to sell off the HIH shares, it was done only after Adler Corporation decided to sell off its HIH shares in which leads to total loss for PEE’s investment. The Supreme Court of New South Wales held that the main intention of the transaction was that HIHC gave PEE financial assistance in order to acquire the shares in HIH which is HIHC’s holding company. Due to this transaction, according to Santow J, both HIHC and HIH suffered material prejudice, which therefore, contravening section 260A.