Level of Awareness Regarding Preconception Care

Level of Awareness Regarding Preconception Care Betty Neumans theory was used as Conceptual Framework for the study. Quantitative survey research approach was used. The study was conducted at Saradha College of education, Salem and Govt. Arts College for Women, Salem. 100 samples were recruited by Non Probability convenient Sampling Technique who meets the inclusion criteria. The content validity of tools and Booklet regarding preconception care after marriage was done by 5 experts. 80% agreement was there in tools and booklet modification was made according to their suggestion. The reliability of the tool was also checked using spilt-half method and was found as r=0.89. The pilot study was conducted in Govt.Arts College, Salem with 10 samples. No modifications were made after the pilot study. Data was collected in the month of September, 2010 (14.9.2010- 30.09.2010). Initially the researcher got formal permission from Saradha College of education and in Govt. Arts College for women, Salem. Informed written consent was obtained from each sample after explaining the purpose of the study and was given assurance for keeping the information confidentially. The data was collected by using convenient sampling technique. The baseline assessment of the present health status of the samples was assessed. In this menstrual history, Family history of consanguineous marriage, Family history of high risk pregnancy, Family health history was collected. The hemoglobin was checked with the help of Sahelis Hemoglobinometer. Body Mass Index was also calculated with their respective height and weight. The knowledge regarding awareness on preconception care was assessed by structured knowledge questionnaire. Informational booklet regarding preconception care after marriage was given to the sam ples after the knowledge assessment to improve the knowledge. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY I. Findings related to Demographic Variables: Out of 100 samples Majority of the Students:67% were in the age group 20-22years Majority of the Students: 53% were postgraduates Majority of the students: 80% belong to nuclear family Family monthly income of the students: 51% were between ` 2001-6000. Majority of the students were living in rural area: 52% Majority of the students were Hindu: 96% II. Findings related to baseline assessment of the present health status of the samples: Majority of the samples 35% attained menarche in the age of 14 years Regarding menstruation 73% was having regular menstruation. With regard to the discomfort before menstruation 43%were having discomfort before menstruation Regarding pain during menstruation 25%was having pain during menstruation. Majority of the students 33% parents had consanguineous marriage Regarding Family history of high risk pregnancy 34% majority of the students mother/sister had the history of vomiting during pregnancy. Majority of the samples 25%had the family health history of hypertension Regarding body Mass Index 8% were having normal body Mass Index (18.5-24.9kg/m2), 37% were underweight ( With regard to the hemoglobin level measurement 25%were having normal Hemoglobin level (11-12mg/dl), 71% were moderate anemic (9-10mg/dl) and 4% were severe anemic ( III. Findings related to Level of awareness regarding preconception care: Out of 100 samples 37% were having inadequate knowledge regarding preconception care, 61% having moderate knowledge and 2%were having adequate knowledge. The mean score percentage is 49.3 which was revealed that the samples had inadequate knowledge regarding preconception care. IV. Findings related to association with Demographic Variables: There was no significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their age [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=5.0358, Table value = 9.48 and df = 4 at 0.05 level]. There was no significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their education [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=1.817, Table value = 5.99 and df = 2 at 0.05 level] There was no significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their type of family [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=0.525, Table value = 5.99 and df = 2 at 0.05 level]. There was no significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their family monthly income[à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=6.8159, Table value = 9.49 and df = 4 at 0.05 level] There was no significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their religion [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=0.424, Table value = 5.99 and df = 2 at 0.05 level] There was significant association with the level of knowledge regarding preconception and their area of residence [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=10.2016, Table value =.9.49 and df = 4 at 0.05 level] V. Findings related to responses of the samples after reading the booklet: The responses of the samples after reading the Informational Booklet was assessed, which showed that out of 100 samples, all the samples have read the Informational Booklet. 89 samples really felt that the booklet was highly useful and remaining 11 felt even though it was used further teaching could have more benefitted them. Most useful section felt by the samples were consumption of balanced diet 45%, maintaining normal body weight 61%, folic acid supplementation 78% and stress reduction 27%. IMPLICATIONS The findings of the study have implication in various areas of Nursing practice, Nursing Education, Nursing Administration Nursing research. Nursing Practice: Nurses are involved in all phases of preconception care like prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment of anemia and other health related issues before pregnancy. Preconception care is a systematic medical supervision of women before pregnancy. It is a preventive branch of Obstetrics and aims at preserving the physiologic aspect before pregnancy. The preconception care avoids as well as detects any complication before pregnancy at the earliest. Nurses can teach the public to engage in health promotion and health check up to prevent further complication. The study implicates the existing knowledge gap and felt needs for information regarding preconception care, management of anemia and other health related issues among women before pregnancy. It offers an excellent opportunity to the public health nurse, auxillary nurse, the midwives, all health workers in urban and rural areas to give information and education in order to promote positive attitude among women about preconception care. Nursing Education: Maternal and Child Health care is the primary goal for both in Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing and Community Health Nursing. In nursing schools, Colleges and other Nursing Educational Institutions the students should be adequately prepared to provide mass health education programme to improve level of knowledge regarding preconception care. This will help to reduce the health related problem in concern with the pregnancy. The curriculum should add various practical programmes to make the student more aware about the importance of screening and prevention of anemia and other health related issues in the early period itself. The findings of the study will help the Nurses, those who are working in teaching area to prepare the students to acquire more knowledge regarding preconception care. The nurse educators must prepare students in both diploma degree levels for educating regarding preconception care. It will help the students to understand the importance of preconception care. Teaching about preconception care provides an opportunity to start an open discussion on doubts regarding it. Nursing students should be equipped with upto date knowledge regarding preconception care. This will help in reducing the number of pregnancy related issues in future. Nursing Administration: Nursing administration take care initiation in creating policies plans in providing education regarding preconception care and its practices to the women before pregnancy. Health professionals are playing vital role in providing education to the students. Nursing personnel should be prepared to take leadership role in educating the Nurses, Community health workers other health personnel to provide health education regarding preconception care to the women. The nurse administrator should take adequate steps in formulating policies and standing protocols in providing patient education regarding preconception care Nurse administer have to make care plan according to needs of people. The study findings will help the nurse administrators to conduct regular health education programme to prepare the staff nurses. The nurse administrator should organize continuing education programme or in service education for staff nurse regarding preconception care. Nursing Research: The study revealed that the mean score percentage was 49.3 which revealed that the samples were having inadequate knowledge regarding preconception care. It emphasizes a great need for research in creating awareness regarding preconception care among the unmarried students after marriage. There is a need to conduct longitudinal studies to find out the level of awareness regarding preconception care. In India the studies regarding preconception care was very less. Such study should be done to improve the knowledge of the women and to have the better future. So the findings of the study can be utilized or motivated for conducting further research in future to improve the level of knowledge regarding preconception care. LIMITATION Generalisation of the study was limited in the samples only. RECOMMENDATIONS A similar study can be conducted with large number of samples. A similar study can be conducted with control group and experimental group A interventional study can also be conducted to know the effectiveness of measures used to improve the knowledge regarding preconception care

Poetry and Original Sonnet

Sonnet 69 was written by Pablo Neruda in the 20th century. As I was reading the original sonnet, I was filled with inner joy and love. The original sonnet brings profound feelings, flashbacks, and makes you and the sonnet feel as if one. However, the translation of sonnet 69 does not. It is rather dull and brings no sense of joy. In sonnet 69, the type of figurative language that is being used is hyperbole; which helps create emphasis. In Stanza 2, the line â€Å"like the red beginning of a rose† compared to the translation â€Å"like the red origin of the rose† contrasts incredibly.The word beginning flows more naturally, goes along with rose, and simply sounds better. The word choice of origin in the translation does not quite go along with the rose and it does not flow naturally. One major part that incredibly brings feeling is the last stanza. The original sonnet wins because of the way it is written. The first two lines end with commas, which builds up mood/feeling . Then it ends with a period, which tells you it is the end of the whole feeling. In contrast to the original one, the translation version does not even flow.The first line ends with a period, which does not build up feelings. In addition it uses too many words, which turns into a tongue twister. The original Sonnet and the translation both are different grammatically. The second stanza in the original sonnet ends with a period, while the translation ends with a comma. I think the period was the better choice because the sestets start next, which is something new. Lastly, I think that the original sonnet captures the concept of love rather than the translation.

War for the greater good

Through a course of history war has been a fact of life as we know it. It has caused destruction, and cost many lives. So how is it the greater good? For some, it's the resources that are used in the result of victory or â€Å"victor goes the spoils† others my say. From diamonds to oil, resources have been one of the main reasons for war. Other people may see war a way out or freedom, such as slaves Joining the army to fght in the war in exchange of being given their freedom. The cost of freedom impacted the slave trade of the 17th century causing massive numbers of recruits in earch of independent lively hood.Political power has also played a part in war, for advantages in geographical location and in search of collaboration to strength forces. The romans use this strategy throughout ancient history as they conquered many lands and use the losing army as a part of their own war. The effects toward pride also consider a greater good. One of the greatest wars in 1800's where th e U. S. embraced Great Britain in combat during the Treaty of Ghent on February 17, 181 5 where the beginning of national pride that struck the nation. Others may disagree of the phrase â€Å"greater good† as it may be looked as an insult o them.The men and women of the armed forces who have paid a strong price by trading in their families, lively hood, and their lives for mere combat. The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center has treated hundreds and thousands of soldiers measuring from minor to grave injuries. Many of those injuries in result of amputations, a fatal pay out for the so-called greater good. Many times the question had been asked; was it worth it? The women and children from the other side of war have suffered greatly as well. In the ancient times some of these women and children where either killed, rape or put into slavery.If young boys showed promise, they would train the young futures soldiers conquering army standards. Religions have shown great re ason for wars as holy grounds where fought upon for centuries. Even until this day religion views throughout the world have been the powder keg as turmoil ignited the spark. Some extremist believe they are chosen for a purpose and the ones against them are to perish by their higher power. In the war of Bosnia & Herzegovina, war crimes where commit but where look upon as blessings among some priest. The non-believers where also slaughtered as the lack of faith conflict ith the views of religion.Whether its religion, resources, or freedom, war will always play a part of life. We as a society will make this possible as greed and corruption lurk in minds of the tyrant leaders and dictators. We must realize survival serves its purpose to those who are willing take and conquer. We also have war within ourselves. Inner demons we must battle to maintain peace. Until then, the truth on whether the greater good of war as sufficient will only main a mystery. We must also be responsible to have a balance of in our lives and free our minds of hate. Well balanced sanity is the key to peace.While we may think the world issues as a heavy load, trying solved them through war may create problems in the long run. In conclusion that's everyone must make commitments tor the better ways ot lite in order to coexist. No excuses for radical groups who project images of inconsideration. In order to succeed in as a peace world, one should make sure they carefully cherish and value freedom and use your time deflect conflict. One of the most important aspects of personal responsibility is increasing your self-awareness nd knowing what stands in the way of for success with negativity.

A Look Inside Native Americans High Rates of Obesity and...

Native Americans have the highest rates of obesity and diabetes in the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Native Americans are 60% more likely to be obese and are over twice as likely to have diabetes than the general population. These numbers are even higher for Southwest Native Americans. But their diet is very similar to the rest of modern society. So why do Native Americans suffer these conditions at higher rates than the general population? The answer may be found in new research that is beginning to point to a genetic cause for these conditions. In a study by Peggy Halpern, Ph.D. for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, she found that historically Native Americans of the†¦show more content†¦We know the ancestors of all Native Americans came from Asia. We know this to be a fact because DNA analysis of Native Americans, including Native Americans of the southwestern United States, shows a direct link to people livin g in northeast Asia today. According to Jake Page, former editor of both Natural History and Smithsonian magazines: ...geneticists have found...DNA lineages present in native populations...which...are found only in Asians†¦. Linguistic and dentition analysis also demonstrate Native Americans descended from peoples living in Asia. Today, almost no one debates the premise that the ancestors of Native Americans came from Asia. There is also very little debate as to how these first Asians arrived in North America. Because so much of the worlds water was locked up in glaciers during the last ice age, sea level was lower than it is today. According to David Meltzer, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Southern Methodist University and an internationally recognized authority on the first inhabitants of the New World: â€Å"†¦these lowered oceans exposed the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering and Chukchi Seas. This shelf†¦connected Alaska and Siberia†¦and it trafficked†¦in plants, animals, and people. There is, however, much debate as to when the first Asian peoples migrated to North America. Modern research has revealed that during the heightShow MoreRelatedObesity in America2116 Words   |  9 PagesENG 101 SL1 26 June, 2006 Obesity in America Obesity in America is a continually growing problem and even worse our own children are sharing in this problem. A commentary in the Washington Times reports that sixty million Americans are obese. What really is the meaning of obese? Obese is having a body mass index of thirty percent or more. In recent years, the percentage of obese Americans has risen. 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