Inventories Research Essay

1. SUMMARY In this research, group members are required to choose any company from bursa Malaysia and study about their inventories, during this coursework, we mainly focus on the general study about inventories and the inventories of the company- Ajinamotoâ„ ¢ 2. INTRODUCTION Inventories refer to a company’s merchandise, raw materials, and finished and unfinished products which have not yet been sold. These are considered liquid assets. There are various means of valuing these assets, but to be conservative the lowest value is usually used in financial statements. The LCM rule is applied. 3. CONTENT * Types of inventories There are mainly 5 types of inventories for Ajinomotoâ„ ¢ raw materials (eg. Raw husk monosodium glutamate etc.) amounting to RM34,445,868, consumables amounting to RM 4,536,693, work-in-progress amounting to RM2,374,316, and finished goods amounting RM21,445,751. These are the closing inventories for Ajinomotoâ„ ¢ * Manufacturing process. Ajinomotoâ„ ¢ uses green technology such as bio-cycle technology which improves amino acid, maximizing the usage of natural resources, such as water and energy, the above diagram show the manufacturing process. The main raw materials are raw husk. * Valuation methods Ajinomotoâ„ ¢ uses weighted average method. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition are accounted for as follows : * Raw materials : purchase costs on a weighted average method. * Finished goods and work-in-progess : costs of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. These costs are assigned on a weighted average method. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. * Amount of Closing Inventories The amount of closing inventories is RM 62,802,628. This can be acquired from the financial statement of Ajinamotoâ„ ¢ of year 2011 4. ADDITIONAL CONTENT * FIFO(First In First Out) is an asset-management and valuation method in which the assets acquired first are sold, used or disposed of first. FIFO may be used by an individual or a corporation. For taxation purposes, FIFO assumes that the assets that are remaining in inventory are matched to the assets that are most recently purchased or produced. * Weighted Average Cost is a method of calculating Ending Inventory cost. Inventory valuation method used where different quantities of goods are purchased at different unit costs. Under this method, weights are assigned to the cost price on the basis of the quantity of each item at each price. It is also known as AVCO It takes Cost of Goods Available for Sale and divides it by the total amount of goods from Beginning Inventory and Purchases. * Taxation is a means by which governments finance their expenditure by imposing charges on citizens and corporate entities. Governments use taxation to encourage or discourage certain economic decisions. For example, reduction in taxable personal (or household) income by the amount paid as interest on home mortgage loans results in greater construction activity, and generates more jobs. 5. Conclusion After done this research, my group members and I increased our knowledge and comprehension about the company’s annual report. This can help us more understand about the accounting for inventories. This are useful for us as a future accountants. We get more extra information that can’t learn from the class. It also increase our leadership and communication skills with other group members. Besides that, before start our assignment we also learn how to build up a group successfully. We put a lots of efforts and times in order to make this assignment more wonderful. We sincerely hoped that our efforts is worthful. 6. Reference http://www.ajinomoto.com/about/history/index.html http://www.ajinomoto.com/about/ http://www.ajinomoto.com/ir/stock/info.html http://www.ajinomoto.com/ir/financial/financial_summary.html http://www.investorwords.com/2589/inventory.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/taxation.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/weighted-average-cost-of-inventory.html http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inventory.asp#axzz1fSj9WniT http://www.ehow.com/ehow_radlinks_ads.html?term=Inventory+Example&channel=biz_business_management,text,suggested5&google_rt=ChBOiX2xAAdWbgriAMoOXR1TEhFJbnZlbnRvcnk http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/topic_inventory_tax.htm

Critical Analysis of the poem “Breaking Through” Essay

The poem Breaking Through written by Myrna Peňa-Reyes is very profound in terms of its appeal to the reader. The poem is all about the filial relationship between a son/daughter and a father. The poem basically revolves around the father and his son/daughter. The plot of the poem tells the reader that a certain persona in the first stanza  receives a parcel that came during that morning. The persona lamely opened the small box and it takes for him/her a short labor to undo the tie. Although the box is just small, it is being tied skillfully and very well. It is not stated in the first stanza where the package does came from but lately, it is being mentioned that it’s from the persona’s father. The package box came all the way across 10, 000 miles of ocean. While opening the box, the persona can feel the love of his/her father that binds them together. Breaking Through if examined could be the literal meaning of breaking through or the undoing of the strong thread of two or three strands that are being twisted together tied around the package box received by the persona from his/her father. The title its self could be the connotation of the applied effort of a certain persona in the poem in executing a little labor by untying the box. This effort of the persona in the poem is very present from line 1 to 7 of the first stanza. It says that, â€Å"Haltingly I undo the knots around your parcel that came this morning. A small box should require little labor, but you’ve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens, curls beside the box.† The title Breaking Through is the metaphorical representation of the filial devotion of the persona to his/her father. The title could be the denotation of the persona in the poem of the lessons that he/she had learned from his/her father. It could also mean â€Å"love† as supported from the last two lines of the second stanza. The line say that â€Å"my father, this undoing is what binds us.† Although it’s not directly mentioned that love is the breaking through, it is showed indirectly through subliminal meaning of the phrase â€Å"this undoing is what binds us.† What makes the father and the persona bind? The clear and not vague answer is love, nothing more. The author also used symbols in the poem. The first symbol is the box. As an assertion, the box highly symbolizes the love of the father to the persona that is being away from him. It is distant because the author mentioned in the last lines of the first stanza. It says that the package box came across 10, 000 miles of ocean. The box also represents the longing of the father to  his son/daughter that is away from him for a long time. Through the box, the father extends his warm filial love to his son/daughter. The knots around the parcel also represents that the father’s love is true and fair to the persona. The love that is true and fair can be supported by lines from 6-7 of stanza 1 that says â€Å"but you’ve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens† and lines from 11-12 of stanza 1 that says â€Å"you hoped the package would hold its shape across 10, 000 miles of ocean.† In those lines, the father of the persona tied the knots thoroughly to keep the package in its original shape from the father’s home until it reaches the persona’s hand. It only signifies that he wanted that his best regards and love would remain in tact after journeying across 10, 000 miles across the ocean. The knots also symbolized of how patient the persona’s father, it definitely reflects the he tied the box. In the poem, there is a mention of belt in the 10th line of first stanza. It says, â€Å"once your belt slapped sharply against my skin,† it is being enclosed in the parenthesis for further emphasis. The belt that the author projects in line 10 only symbolizes that the persona’s father is a man of discipline. He slaps the persona sometime in his/her childhood to discipline him/her. Through the belt, it shaped the persona for he/she no. through the father’s slapping, the persona learned things between bad and good, and right or wrong. The belt also symbolizes display or the manifestation of power. It only shows that during childhood of the persona, he/she exists in the patriarchal world. Indeed, during the persona’s childhood, he/she exists in te patriarchal society for he/she experienced being beaten by the father. Not using the scissors in cutting could also mean a lot in the poem. As an assertion, the persona did not use the scissors to unravel the tight knots of the box because the persona wanted to savor the moment of unraveling with love. If the person uses the scissors, it will project that the persona is non-appreciative of the love of the father. Not using the scissors could also mean that the persona prolonged the excitement by opening it very lamely. It also means that the persona had learned the craft of patience from his/her father. The author had also left its readers the dramatic impact by not revealing what is inside the box. It poses questions of what is inside the box. Is it a food? Books? Dress? Bag or anything that is liquid? The reader can’t figure out for its not revealed. A strong assertion is that, no matter what’s inside the box, it surely resembles the love of the father to the persona of the poem. In a contemporary setting, if the author is mentioning about across 10, 000 miles of oceans, the first that comes into the mind of the reader is that, the persona is situated abroad or in states. If being assumed that the father is in Philippines, maybe the persona is in West Asia, America, Europe, Australia and others. The reader does not also know if the persona is working abroad, married, touring and etc. because it’s not directly stated. What is very vivid in the context is that they are away from each other and they haven’t seen each other for a long period of time. The tone of the poem is about longing and sadness. In the first part of the poem, the persona undoes the box haltingly. Haltingly in other words could mean lamely. In this thought alone, an assertion came in that the persona is sad because it made him/her feel home sick as the box arrives. The tone of longing could also be sensed. As the persona is undoing the knots of the box, the persona reminisce his/her father-his teaching, disciplinary actions and love. Through the presence of the box, the persona can imagine his/her home that heightened his/her sadness and longing. Characterization of the father in the poem is also very effective. In the context, the father is portrayed as caring for he sends the persona a package box although its very far. Unlike other father figure, the father in the poem is very mild-not ruthless and cruel. Though there is a use of belt slapping in the poem, it is being done to discipline his child. The father did do it for a good purpose, for the benefit of the child when he/she grew up but not in the abusive manner. The father figure in here is perhaps a gentle and amiable father. The author also used strong images to convey the meaning of the poem. The delivery is very suggestive images like the undoing of the box; the scene is very vivid and understandable. Through this clear description, it brought the reader the catharsis of emotions or eliminating its complexity, the author effectively carried out the essence and meaning of the poem. In terms of form and structure, the author unconsciously celebrated the form over the content. Like T. S. Eliot, she has done it for she chose to write in free verse or blank verse. She does not follow rhymes and meters, what she did is the total deviation of the traditional metered poems. The style is very contemporary, or maybe it belongs to the Romantics. In general, the Breaking Through is a superb poem. It tackles a rarely touched theme in poetry, filial love. Through this theme, it makes the poem unique and notable.

Charlotte Bronte’s Aspects Of The Gothic

Charlotte Brontes Aspects Of The Gothic In †Jane Eyre†, Charlotte Bronte places her narrator and central character in the middle of dramatic events. One of these is at the start of the novel when Jane is trapped in the Red Room and the next is when she attends Thornfield Hall to work as a governess. Charlotte Bronte uses certain features of gothic literature to create a tense atmosphere for the reader. Jane Eyre is sent to live with her unfeeling aunt and abusive cousins, after her parents sadly passed away. Jane Eyre leads a very unhappy life as the people whom she grows up with do not treat her like family and blame her for any trouble. Now, Jane Eyre is locked in the Red-Room after an incident with her cousin, for which she takes the blame. As the years pass and Jane grows into a young woman, she is sent to Thornfield to work as a governess and, in the passage, is being shown around the estate. In the Red Room and at Thornfield hall, Bronte establishes a typical gloomy, gothic setting to create suspense and terror. Charlotte Bronte uses powerfully gothic descriptions of objects especially in the Red -Room. The name seems more important because of the alliteration and the fact that the room is identified as ‘red’ makes the reader feel that it is perhaps dangerous. The colour is often associated with blood and death, both of which create fear for the reader. We are told by the narrator that â€Å"The red-room was a square chamber, very seldom slept in, I might say never†. The use of the word †chamber† makes it sound much larger and grander and perhaps more uninviting than a regular room. The fact that the room is hardly ever slept in suggests that it is abandoned by all human company and creates a tense mood for the reader raising several questions about its safety. Bronte, therefore, uses colour to reflect the turmoil of emotions such as rage, fear and frustration which Jane is now experiencing. The objects which Charlotte Bronte describes in the Red Roo m create a typical gothic environment. We are told that the room is decorated very darkly. ‘The chairs were of darkly polished old mahogany’, which suggests that the furniture in the room is sombre, old and heavy. Colours associated with the gothic are generally darker shades, and the Red Room purposely creates images in the reader’s mind of gloomy objects to create a depressing atmosphere. When the writer describes the bed as â€Å"glar(ing) white† and the â€Å"snowy Marseilles counterpane†, this creates a contrast to the surrounding redness of the rest of the room. â€Å"Glared white† uses personification to describe the bedding as antagonistic to Jane as if it is watching her. This creates more torment for the reader. Even though the colour white might seem a much more optimistic colour than red, here it is used to create negative thoughts. The â€Å"snowy white counterpane† presents the bed as being icy cold, like death. When Jane looks in this mirror she sees a â€Å"half imp, half fairy† staring back at her. This introduces an element of the supernatural and suggests that Jane believes evil forces within the room may have possessed her and are reflected in the glass. Charlotte Bronte plays here on the superstitious fears of the reader. The fact that Jane Eyre is trapped in the red-room where her uncle died is terrifying enough but the idea that the room might have the power to drive Jane mad plays on our deepest anxieties. Death is a prominent feature of the gothic and Bronte uses the dead uncle and the possibility that he haunts the room to intensify the atmosphere. When Jane looks in this mirror is the most disturbing moment in the description of the red-room. Horror and fascination are created for Jane at this moment. The description of her †white face† and †glittering eyes of fear† show that Jane appears like a ghost to herself, the word †glittering† hinting a t madness.

Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Goals - Essay Example There is something strongly helpful in writing one’s goals. It does not simply help an individual to remember his goals but it also aids in his focus towards his visions. Having pointed that out, it is my desire to do the same, to write my life goals, understanding as Goddard did, that I have also my limitations which can only be minimized by focusing on the goals that I set for myself. As Goddard said, â€Å"I set up a blueprint of goals so that I would always have something to work for† (22). Due to the limitation of space, I will discuss only four of my most important goals which include my aim to get into the soccer team this year, travel all of the 50 states of America, complete my college education in two years instead of three and to establish my own business company that I will expand to other countries. One of my passions is sports and so it would really be a good thing if I can become a part of the soccer team in school this year. Team sport does not simply help me physically but also mentally and socially. Therefore, I plan to stay fit and competitive in the field of soccer so I would be able to achieve this goal. I will exercise at least two hours a day, concentrating more on improving my agility and endurance because I believe these are important qualities for a soccer player. Of course it is also a part of my duty to have good grades so that I will not be disqualified due to academic incompetence. Thus, I need to concentrate also in my studies, submit all necessary requirements on time and read a lot. As I continue to exercise my brain and body, I will enlist in the soccer team and practice well with the team to ensure my entry. I plan not to miss any practices because I believe that every meeting is important and there are always new things or insights that I could learn from the coach and the other players. Since I have other goals in mind, I want to achieve this goal this year. As a student of Business Administration, my eyes are set on

Capital Budgeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital Budgeting - Research Paper Example Capital budgeting is a resource allocation process that requires a balance between three factors, which include amount of resources that are to be expended, rate of utilization of those resources, and the time within which the investment starts showing some return in the form of profit. The basic aim of this report is to provide an in-depth understanding of important issues related to capital budgeting. The report also demonstrates the role of capital budgeting in the process of business development. Importance of Capital Budgeting Morgan (2006) states, â€Å"The success of a business depends on the capital budgeting decisions taken by the management†. Capital budgeting is basically a tool to evaluate, analyze, compare, and select the most appropriate project from a list of projects available for investment. Capital budgeting is one of the most important managerial tools, which helps the managers choose among different projects based on cash flows and rates of return. The mana gers choose those projects for investment, which are likely to generate considerable profits for their companies. In an interview with Mr. Darren Sammy, assistant manager finance department of Covrick Business Solutions, Sammy said that capital budgeting, if done properly, not only strengthens the financial position of the investing companies but also plays its role in strengthening the economy of a country as a whole (D. Sammy, personal communication, February 25, 2011). One can know the importance of capital budgeting by the fact that it increases a company’s credibility and profits by assisting the managers in the selection of most suitable investment opportunity for the company. Capital budgeting also helps the companies get considerable benefits from an investment over time, reduce the risks related to capital shortage, and increase the revenues. Three Important Factors There are some factors, which the companies need to consider while creating a capital budget for any s pecific project. Tatum (2011) asserts, â€Å"In order for the capital budgeting for a project to be attractive, the projections have to indicate several factors that will make up the outcome of the project†. Those factors include time needed to recoup the allocated resources, expected generation of revenues from the project, and amount of resources required to sustain the project’s momentum. It is a fact that a company, which recoups all allocated resources within a reasonable amount of time, enjoys more profits from the venture as compared to those companies which are not able to recover their investments in a short time. Capital budgeting for a project is successful if the project continues to generate profits for a long time. The graph of profitability generated from a selected project should continue to rise before leveling out, and this can only happen when the amount of resources required to sustain the project’s momentum are less than the amount of resour ces allocated to the project at the point of launch. Capital Budgeting Process Having discussed the importance of capital budgeting in the businesses and the considerable factors for budgeting, let us have a look at the capital budgeting process. The capital budgeting process helps managers select the most profitable projects from a pool of projects, time the projects’ expenditures, and include the selected projects into a

Inherent Nature of Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inherent Nature of Faith - Essay Example Two of the religious faiths to consider, would be Christianity and Buddhism. For Christians, they believe in one god, with that savior being Jesus Christ. With those of the Christian faith they believe, "..in a loving God who has revealed himself and can be personally known in this life. With Jesus Christ, the person's focus is not on religious rituals or performing good works, but on enjoying a relationship with God and growing to know him better," ("World Religions", p.1). The strongest characteristic to be found within the central framework of the Christian faith would be the inner belief in a singular god and as such, would be considered to be a monotheistic religion. Christian faith followers would believe in a singular spiritual guide for their spiritual guidance, or teacher, who would show them down the correct path. As for Buddhists, they in fact take a different approach to their faith in this case. For example, "Buddhists do not worship any gods or God. People outside of Buddhism often think that Buddhists worship the Buddha. However, the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) never claimed to be divine, but rather he is viewed by Buddhists as having attained what they are also striving to attain, which is spiritual enlightenment and, with it, freedom from the continuous cycle of life and death," ("World Religions", p.1). In contrast to those who refer to themselves as Christians who believe in one god, Buddhists do not elect to believe in a specific god. To put it more simply, "Buddha is just an enlightened being. If you are enlightened, you are Buddha too. All sentient beings can be Buddha," ("Buddhism", p.1). As a central tenet in Buddhist faith, the power has been placed in the hands of the individual faith believer, in comparison to those in the Christian faith, the place such power outside of themselves and instead rely upon the strength of their conviction that Jesus Christ is the true leader of their faith and where their devotion is meant to be placed within. For Christians, their desire to be loyal to Jesus also lies within their feeling that he truly controls the ability to influence all worldly things. In this vein, for Buddhists, "Although Buddha is the most supreme being known in all realms, he has no power to control everything. For instance, he is unable to change the principle of cause and effect. In other words, if you commit an evil deed, Buddha cannot save you by "waiving" the effect caused by your evil deed," ("Buddhism", p.1). As both religious faiths are considered, the characteristic of leadership for each would be one that would seek to place totalitarian allegiance to, while the other would seek to encourage the act of considering every individual follower as holding the true and strongest power and not follow the notion of requiring a specific individual or entity to hold the title of being the god, or leader, of their faith and their followers. Another characteristic of both faiths to consider would be the practice of prayer taken by Christians, while Buddhists seek to take part in meditation. For Christians, they take solace in the act of saying their prayers at times of discord, as well as an act of showing their devotion to Jesus and their strength found within their Christian faith. A very common prayer found within the Christian denomination, would be the prayer referred to as the

Walt Disney`s Management of Diversity and its Challenges Essay

Walt Disney`s Management of Diversity and its Challenges - Essay Example Associated with several international film companies, the company diversified to open the Disneyland Theme Park in California in 1955. The second Theme Park, with resorts, opened in Florida in 1971. Disney’s other key theme parks include the EPCOT Centre opened in 1982 and Animal Kingdom in 1998 in Florida; as well as Tokyo Disneyland in 1983; and Disney Paris in 1992 (Clarke and Chen, 2012). Thus, â€Å"today, Walt Disney’s Parks and Resorts operates or licenses 11 theme parks on three continents† (Clarke and Chen, 2012, p.322) including North America, Asia and Europe, and a twelfth is proposed for Shanghai in China. Merchandising in park attractions was introduced in 1987, and the company offered time-share ownerships in the park resorts from 1991. Walt Disney World further diversified its business into Education in 1996, and fitness, Sports Training and Events in 1997, besides filming, recording, network, broadcasting, cruising, and other projects. The Walt Di sney Company’s entry into the international market in Europe and Asia required its use of types of diversity management in operating their products in new cultural environments. Its French subsidiary, the Euro Disney SCA (societe en commandite par actions) formed a limited partnership with the host country. Walt Disney Company’s multinational business operations necessitates the company’s management of a diversity of people from different cultural backgrounds in its workforce (Clarke and Chen, 2012). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate Walt Disney’s management of diversity and related challenges in the organisation. Walt Disney Company’s Diversity Management According to Clarke and Chen (2012), diversity takes into account the differences between individuals. Diversity management requires an adaptation of executive skills and styles for successful outcomes in managing a diverse workforce. Effective diversity management â⠂¬Å"reduces resistance to working with members of another ethnic, racial, or cultural group† (Clarke and Chen, 2012, p.340); it also lowers the risk of miscommunication, and promotes unity among the members of the global multinational giant. Thus, the Walt Disney company is required to be knowledgeable about the behaviour, beliefs and habits of the different cultures of the host countries. At the same time, the culture of the parent company also plays a vital part in diversity management. Although some researchers such as Gerhart and Fang (2005) have opposed the emphasis on national culture and the overlooking of organisational differences in diversity management, multinational companies’ country of origin is acknowledged as an important element, in most research undertaken in this domain, as reiterated by Harzing and Sorge (2003). The broad basis for the conceptual framework for diversification examines key factors such as cultural differences, institutional difference s, organisational differences and their mutual dynamics (Schuler et al, 2002). One of the critical challenges facing multinational companies is balancing the need for global integration and local adaptation. The national origin of MNCs is found to have a crucial impact on this